Managing Strategy: Case Study of Thornton plc Essay

1.0 Thornton Plc – an Overview: Occupying 8 percent market share of the UK boxed chocolate market in the year 2002 the company Thornton had witnessed a decline in its profits even from the year 1998. The turnover of the company and the operating profits of the company for the years 1994 to 2003 are presented below: The company was largely depending on its in house manufacturing facility and also adopted the marketing strategy of distributing the products through its own retail units established throughout the country. To some extent the company also adopted the franchising route also. Though the company was rich in its internal resources and good in the new product developments, the manufacturing and marketing strategy adopted by the company posed difficulties in meeting the seasonal demands which constituted a major percentage of the sales of the company. This part of the paper analyses the strength of the internal resources of the company. 1.1 Internal Resources: The success of any business depends on the strength of its internal resources which greatly facilitates sustaining the growth achieved by the firm. It is equally important for the company not only to achieve reasonable growth in the profits and sales but also to sustain the growth established by it. The internal resources of the company come in handy to help the company to retain the level of growth being achieved by the company. The internal resources of the company Thornton Plc can be detailed as below: A Complete Value Chain: The strategy of the company in having in house manufacturing facility coupled with its own retail outlets represented a complete value chain which is a distinct internal resource the company possessed. Even though the company resorted to external sources for non-core products and the basic liquid chocolate, the company retained the core manufacturing activity and the recipes. This enabled the company to ensure the quality of the ingredients to the chocolates and maintain its exclusivity in the market. Assets and Competencies of the Company: The distinct advantage the company was carrying was its capability to manufacture its requirements with its own facilities. This had enabled the company to maintain the freshness of its chocolates which became a distinguishing feature for Thornton’s products. This represents the internal resources of the company in the form of its ‘physical assets’. The other ‘physical assets’ that helped the company in maintain its market position is the number of the company’s own retail shops spread throughout the country. A graphical representation of the total number of retail outlets owned and franchised by the company is produced below: Intangible Assets: The goodwill earned by the company by maintaining the quality of its products and the quality of its service to the customers account for the intangible asset the company holding as an important internal resource of the company. Product Differentiation: Another feature that distinguished the chocolates of Thornton is the finishing. While competitors like Cadburys’ products are moulded, Thornton used a handmade appearance to the products by enrobing them in chocolates. In this way Thornton could make a marked ‘product differentiation’ that can be counted as a valuable internal resource that the company could use for improving its brand image. Quality of Service to the Customers: By having most of its sales done by its own shops, the company was able to provide a quality service to the customers. Through services like writing personalized messages on chocolates by icing on the top on important occasions, providing specialised gift wrappers etc the company could get to the fifth place by customers’ choice in the high-street vendors. Product Innovations: Developing new products was a passion for Thornton. This is evident from the fact that in the year the company could add 27 new ‘countlines’ and 132 new and updated products in the year 1998.       Unique and Core Assets and Competencies: The Unique assets of the company can be found in its in house manufacturing facilities that contributed largely for the quality of the products. However with the available manufacturing facility the company was unable to meet the peak seasonal demand which represented the threshold limit with respect to this unique asset. Similarly the core competency represented the company’s ability to innovate as many number of new products to cater to the market. But the threshold limit for this competency was the failure of the company to concentrate on the retailing and the poor locations of the shops that could not give the true advantage of this core competency of new product innovation. 1.2 Strengths and Weaknesses of Thornton Plc: While commenting on the internal resources of any firm it is customary to do an analysis of the firm’s relative strengths and weaknesses. An analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of Thornton is detailed below: Strengths: In house manufacturing facility: The availability of in house manufacturing facility enabled Thornton to ensure the quality of ingredient and thereby ensure the quality of its products. It was also possible to maintain the freshness f the products.   Own retail outlets: The establishment of the company’s own retails shops gave the strength of meeting a higher level of customer service and also an effective distribution of the products among own retail units. Capability to innovate new products: The distinct capability of the company to involve itself in innovative products with new recipes had resulted in increasing its sales at some point of time. Several attempts by the company to promote the sales on this strength had proved successful. Strong brand image: The quality of the Thornton’s products coupled with its freshness had created a set of loyal customers to the company and resulted in the creation of a very strong brand image for the company Sound technical knowledge in terms of recipes: This strength has helped the company to plunge in to the creation of many new products that finally proved successful in the market. Added marketing strength through franchisee stores: In addition to the own retail units, the company also adopted the policy of giving franchise rights to more retailers which proved a distinct strength for the company in terms of marketing of its products. Unique product differentiation: The Company had clearly excelled itself in the segment of boxed chocolates which has proved to be the company’s core strength. Strong market presence in the boxed chocolate segment: Having specialized in the boxed chocolate segment the company made its presence felt in the segment. Weaknesses: Heavy Seasonal Demand: More than 50 percent of the sales of the company resulted from the sales during Christmas, Easter, Valentine’s Day and Easter Sunday. This led to pressure on sales at shorter periods and at times poor sales if there were disturbances in the seasonal sales due to some reason. Dependence on one key product: Excessive dependence on a single product like boxed chocolates had always proved a cause for the failure in sales. Similarly the company depended on the sale of innovative Easter Eggs for the year 2000 that proved an expensive lesson in that more than 300,000 chocolate eggs were left in stock unsold, making the company to sell at half the price. Low quality products and service from franchisee and associated companies: Many a times the associate companies with whom the company had selling arrangements sold products of lower quality. The franchisees, their core product not being chocolates could not provide a quality service to the customers Poor automation capabilities leading to higher labour intensiveness: The finishing of the products with chocolate enrobing made the automation impossible and also due to seasonal sales the company had to employ additional labourers for manufacture as well as for sales during season times which proved expensive. Frequent changes in the marketing strategies: Due to some reason or other the company faced failures successively which made the company change in the marketing strategies. Also changes in the Chief Executives also brought new strategies into practice. Being impulsive purchase unpredictable demand: The chocolate being an impulsive purchase made the demand for the products unpredictable leading to manufacture of the products without a planned approach. Weather conditions affecting seasonal demands: Since the sales of the company were heavily seasonal, any weather conditions that affect the festivals also affected the sales of the company. This was evidenced in the Christmas for the year 1998, when the sales went down by 3.8 percent for the same period last year due to extended summer that affected the buying of customers. Shorter shelf life of the products: One of the major weaknesses of the company was the short shelf life of the products. As against the use of the vegetable fat as the base by the competitors which gave them longer shelf life, Thornton used cocoa base to keep the authentic quality of the products which made the shelf life shorter for the products. Product lines demanding own manufacture: Several products of the company were fit to be manufactured by the companies own manufacturing facilities only. On a research the management of Thornton identified that at least 70 percent of their products need their own manufacturing facility. Higher manufacturing costs: Since most of the products are being manufactured by its own facilities the company could not have a closer control in the manufacturing costs. Moreover the employment of additional workers on peak seasons also increases the manufacturing cost. 1.3 Product Market Research: The Company’s core product range included the boxed chocolates, where it has to meet the competition from major players like Cadburys and Nestle. The company had to compete with high street specialist retailers such as ‘Body Shop’ in  £ 5-10 price range. The percentage of market share of different companies in the boxed chocolate market is graphically represented below: It may be noted that Thornton was able to retain the market share of 8 percent from the year 1999 to 2002 sheer by the product quality against the stiff competition of not only other chocolate retailers but also form others selling postal gifts of wine and flowers. The introduction of 27 new products in ‘countlines’ in the year 1997 and 132 varieties in the year 1998 witnessed an increase in sales of up to  £ 133 million for 1998 and also brought new male, children and teenage customers lowering the average age of the customers. The company planned to increase the new products and re-launch of old products up to 92 percent for Valentines Day, 100 percent for Mothers day and 91 percent for Easter Sunday for the year 2000. New product development with a focus on day-to-day sales rather than for meeting the seasonal demand was taken up to reduce the excessive dependence on the seasonal sales. 1.4 Internal Resources and the Firm’s Competitive Advantage: The competitive position of a firm is determined by its product superiority and the relative market position. These aspects are enhanced by the internal resources and capabilities possessed by the company that adds the competitive edge of the organization In the case of Thornton, the company was clearly placed in more competitive position as compared to other players in the market. The better quality of its products that could be achieved as a result of its own manufacturing facilities is a distinct competitive edge the company possessed. Similarly the positive effects of other internal resources like the establishment of its own retail outlets and the product innovation capabilities had contributed much to the improvement in the marketing ability of the company.                Question 2: Marketing Strategy of Thornton Plc: The marketing strategy of Thornton can be analysed on the basis of the available marketing strategy models. 2.1 Porter’s Generic Strategies: As perceived by Michael Porter in his book ‘Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitors’ the competition in any business can be reduced to three broad strategies. These strategies are known as ‘Porter’s Generic Strategies’ and are: Cost Leadership Product Differentiation and Market segmentation The competitive strategy of Thornton can be identified with Product differentiation and market segmentation but not with the cost leadership as the company was never able to have a comfortable cost position because of its high packing costs and heavy seasonal demand for the products. 2.2 Bowman’s Clock: As compared to the Porter’s Generic Strategies Cliff Bowman had developed competitive advantages in relation to cost advantage or differentiation advantage. Bowman identified eight core strategies in any business based on the firm’s competitive advantages. They are: Low price/Low added Value: signifying segment specific strategy Low price: being adopted by a cost leader as a result of price wars and low margin on the products Hybrid Option: Represents low cost base and reinvestment in low price and product differentiation. Product Differentiation: This option is being exercised with a price premium and without a price premium. Focused Differentiation: Involving perceived added value to a ‘particular segment’ that needs a premium. Increased Price/Standard: higher margins if competitors do not value follow/risk of losing market share. Marketing Teacher Increased Price/Low Values: This option can be exercised only in a monopoly situation Low Value/Standard Price: This strategy will result in a loss of market share.    Out of these eight strategic options developed by Bowman, Thornton had been following the Product differentiation Strategy originally and later on shifted to ‘focused differentiation’   to capitalize on their product strength. In the case of Boxed chocolates the firm had adopted the   product differentiation with a price premium.          2.3 Ansoff’s Matrix: Developed by Igor Ansoff, this model uses two basic components of marketing namely Products and markets to identify four generic growth strategies namely Market Penetration, Market Development, Product Development and Diversification. Ansoff’s Matrix is â€Å"a framework for identifying the corporate growth opportunities† (Tutor2u) Market Penetration involves more of the same product to the same customers Market Development uses new customers for existing products Product Development uses new products for existing customers and Diversification involves new products and new customers. Ansoff’s Matrix: Example of Thornton The example of Thornton matching the Ansoff’s Matrix can be explained as below: Market Penetration: Increase in the share of chocolate business at the expense of Sainsbury and Asda. Market Development: Movement into more distribution channels like ‘joint venture’ shops with Birthdays Group – a 500 strong chain of greetings cards and novelties outlets; exclusive supply arrangement with Tesco; expansion in to France, Belgium and USA Product Development: Thornton attempted to do product development increasing the rate and scope of new product innovation, repackaging and re-launching of old products that added 27 products in the year 1997 and close to 132 products in the year 1998. Diversification: Thornton developed new product ranges like desserts, ice cream, sponge puddings, cakes and cheesecake.          2.4 Five Forces Model: Thornton’s position with respect to the industry can be analysed on the basis of Michael Porter’s Five Force analysis. â€Å"Porter provided a framework that models an industry as being influenced by five forces. The strategic business manager seeking to develop an edge over rival firms can use this model to better understand the industry context in which the firm operates.†(QuickMBA) Barriers to Entry: Though technologically there is no barrier for the new entrants to the market, the accesses to the distribution channels pose a great barrier to entry. Establishment of a new brand also would take considerable time and money in the form of advertising and promotional expenses. This acts as a barrier to the new entrant to the industry. The strength of this force is negligible. Threat of Substitute: There are a number of substitute products available for the products of Thornton. The new products from the competitors like Nestle and Cadburys as well as products from other brands and own label manufactures often pose a problem of substitute products available in the market. Switching to substitute products for the customers is inexpensive and easy as every brand is available in plenty in the various outlets like petrol bunks, novelty stores, greetings cards stores, super markets and specialized shops. The strength of this force is to be reckoned with. Buyer Power: The ultimate consumer being the buyer the force exerted by them on the industry is sizeable. Any small change in the quality of the products or in the level of service will make the buyers switch their loyalty to other brands. Moreover, being an impulse purchase the availability of a number of substitutes and the inexpensive way to switch to other brands make the buyer power act as a strong force.    Supplier Power:   The timely delivery of the product depends on the availability of the base materials in the right quality and right time. Though it is not difficult to establish new sources of supply it may take some time to establish the required level of quality and reliance on the timely deliveries. But the supplier cannot threaten to increase the price at his convenience as there a number of suppliers are available in the market. Hence it can be said that this force is only mildly acting on the industry. Competitive Rivalry: As such the industry is highly competitive with four major players occupying 72 percent of the market share. Any small downward trend in the market share of Thornton will be taken advantage of by the major players acting in the industry. Moreover except the force of ‘barriers to entrants’ and ‘suppliers power’ to some extent other forces are acting very strongly on the industry. Hence it can be said that the competitive rivalry is very high for Thornton Plc. Question 3: Relationship between Thornton and Marks & Spencer: The case study of Marks & Spencer also indicates the different strategies adopted by the firm to sustain its growth attained over a period. The basic weaknesses in the company that led to the downward trend of the company were: Excessive dependence on the suppliers within UK which increased the cost of the products for the company and affected the profitability Expansion of business within Europe and in the USA that finally proved unworthy or not maintainable due to various reasons Expansion and refurbishment of own retail units in the UK which increased the capital cost of the firm Development of new product lines like food when there was so much to be done in the existing clothing business. Thus the experiences of both Thornton Plc and Marks & Spencer can be identified as more or less same with the only difference is that Thornton depended heavily on the seasonal business. Marks & Spencer followed a Hybrid strategy under Bowman’s clock. With the experience of both the firms in the same direction it is quite possible that the business of the both the firms can be combined to take advantage of the advantage of the combiner synergy. However while combing the businesses by selling the chocolates through Marks & Spence r the following points need to be taken into account. 3.1 Overlap of Network: Though Thornton had a long standing supply arrangement with Marks & Spencer with a renewal of such supply arrangement may pose the problem of the overlapping of the network of the customers of both the stores, especially in locations where both Thornton and Marks & Spencer have their retail outlets. Being a commercial customer it is quite possible that the products offered by Marks & Spencer may differ by style and recipe from those provided through Thornton’s own outlets. It may not be possible for the customers to be sure as to whether the products were really made by Thornton. The authenticity of the products may not be fully realized in the perspective of the customers. This is one aspect that needs consideration when a decision to renew the contacts with Marks & Spencer is to be ever thought of by Thornton. Another issue that Thornton needs to consider is the quality of service to the customers. Marks & Spencer having it thrust on its core products of clothing, food and beauty products it may be difficult for the company to attach the same importance that Thornton gives its products. The personalized approach that is being attributed to every customer at the Thornton store may not be expected out of Marks & Spencer. The availability of substitute products by the side of the products of Thornton may also pose a problem for an effective increase in the sales of Thornton’s products. The product promotions and advertising for the competitors’ products will have its own impact on the sales of the Thornton’s products unless an exclusive arrangement with Marks & Spencer is entered only to deal with Thornton’s products. The display and product promotion of Thornton by Marks & Spencer is another area that needs to be addressed. The floor space and the kind of visibility to the products Marks & Spencer may offer to Thornton’s products will greatly depend upon the financial gain that M&S get out of the deal with Thornton. Hence a careful discussion and finalization of the contract is a pre requisite for Thornton to expect the kind of treatment for its products by M&S as the company expects to have. Thornton should look into the cost aspects and the projected sales through the outlets of M&S and decide on the financial working arrangement with M&S. 3.2 Possibilities of Other Working Arrangements: Thornton may look into the possibility of entering into other arrangements like renting a small shop floor area with M&S in the location where they don’t have their own retail units. Thornton may appoint its own staff to look after the sales and thereby can ensure the quality of service to its customer. The company may enter into a profit – sharing arrangement with M&S to create interest on the part of the latter to offer its shop area to Thornton. In this way both companies can retain their identities and at the same time work for the mutual profitability. This would eventually result in the increase in the sales of Thornton. This ‘shop within shop’ arrangement may be effective in controlling the cost of expansion for Thornton to expand in locations where M&S have its own stores. Moreover this sort of alliance is easy to work out and less complicated in terms of fixing the benefit to M&S. There will be no commitment on the part of M&S to assure any minimum sales also. 3.3 Merger: Another distinct possibility that can be worked out to the benefit of both the companies is a merger of both the companies for an agreed consideration to be paid to the shareholders of Thornton. This was what was tried by the company in the year 2003 to offer its management buyout arrangement. However, since the price for the control of the company was higher, at 180p per share there were no potential bidders for meeting the required price and the talk of a bid for Thornton disappeared in early 2004. Unlike this a workable merger proposal between both Thornton and Marks & Spencer can be worked out on reasonable terms that are beneficial for both the companies. This way the synergies of the merger of both the companies can be enhanced to take advantage of the combined forces of sale. Similarly there will be the distinct advantage of the customers of both the companies being attracted to the products of Thornton which may result in the improvement in the sales of the products of Thornton. Another distinct advantage may result in the form less cost of expansion for the merged company as the existing retail shops of Thornton can function as the retail units of the new merged entity or in the name o Marks & Spencer if it agreed to retain the name of M&S if it is agreed as a part of the merger arrangement. These shops can also market the products of M&S also depending on the availability of space in the erstwhile Thronton.                      References:    1.Marketing Teacher The Strategy Clock: Bowman’s Competitive Strategy Options http://marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_bowman.htm Tutor2u Business Strategy: Ansoff’s Matrix http://www.tutor2u.net/business/presentations/strategy/ansoff/default.html QuickMBA Strategic Management: Porter’s Five Force, A Model For Industry Analysis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/porter.shtml   

Middle Ages educations

Education is acquiring or imparting new knowledge and also an art of teaching. Middle Ages educations have different experience from Greek education. Education in the Middle Ages most of the people were unable to read and write and showing lack of culture but some of the children who belongs to the upper class were educated. The Monks taught the poor children on how to read and write a little. Grammar schools where built for the middle class boys, and they worked long hours in the grammar school and the boys were beaten with rods or twigs as their form of discipline. Middle age education is unfortunate for the reason that popular educational history books continue to repeat errors and misstatements. During the middle age period monks were the teacher for learning to read and write Latin at the school for boys. Latin is the major language used by the church and bible. Literacy and learning were increasing and by 15th century students began to learn grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music. At that time one-third of the population started to learn on how to read and write. During the Middle Ages, which were on the 5th to the 15th century, Christianity particularly Roman Catholic Church operated the parishes, monastery and chapels at the elementary level. Schools in monasteries and cathedrals offered secondary education while much of the teaching in these schools was directed at learning Latin, the old Roman language used by the church in its ceremonies and teachings. The church provided some limited opportunities for the education of women in religious communities of convents (History 2). The Greek Gods were much more down-to-earth and much less awesome than the remote gods of the East. Because they were furnish with human qualities and represented aspects of the physical world, such as the sun, the moon, and the sea (Greek ). In Greek education ancient Greece girls learned skills from their mothers like weaving and only boys went to school at the age of seven. Girls learned athletics and dancing for them to become fit and healthy mothers of more soldiers. And those who belong to a rich family were accompanied by a slave and most of the time if they commit mistakes they were beaten. Discipline was very severe; In Sparta children were treated very harshly. At the age of 7 boys were removed from their families and sent to live in barracks. They were treated severely to turn them into brave soldiers. They were deliberately kept short of food so they would have to steal-teaching them to stealth and cunning. They were whipped for many offenses. ( Lambert). The boys from Sparta became military cadets and learned the arts of war and joined the state militia which is a standing reserve force available for duty in time of emergency in which also they served until they reached the age of sixty. Sparta also provided training for girls who went beyond the domestic arts, they are not forced to leave home like the boys but they have same training that of the boys. During the middle age education they used the classical learning for Christian used. There were two traditions of classical literature and philosophy which separated the classical world and were brought together in union by the church rearranged into another educational method that would be the standard of learning. The union of the literary and scientific world views in Christ was the contribution of Medieval Christianity. Their system which is called as the Trivium, make the foundation of the seven liberal arts program which became universal throughout the Middle Ages. In this period the Hebrew people continued to teach their children the ways of God and rejecting pagan culture. At the end of Middle Ages, natural knowledge became powerful and philosophy being discredited, where the connection between the theology and the sciences were separated. And man started to work out and draw closer to life that is religion independent. At the early 18th century charity schools were built in many towns and called as Blue Coat Schools based on the color of children’s uniforms. Boys from rich families were sent to grammar schools and the girls still went to school but learning embroidery and music were more important for them. Until to the 19th century girls from upper class were taught by a governess. But the punishment in this period were still brutal, they included beatings and only less able pupils were humiliated by being forced to wear a â€Å"dunce’s cap†. In the early period, like those in Europe, consisted of one room where one teacher taught pupils from ages six to thirteen and sometimes older. The free education for all children were successfully implemented, educators focus their attention on how to attain quality education. In particular, significant in shaping new directions has been introduced which involves development of intellectual skills, engaging in new diversity of human communities and global culture.   The teacher-centered to learner-centered education instruction is highly emphasized and its new approaches to teaching and learning. There is a shift of teaching to a learning theoretical framework of instruction which is one process of transformation which is indeed the central point of great change during the contemporary times. The quality of education has been changing and improved. Although applications of techniques and theories where highly been practiced and exposure of students in facing the reality and its capacity to resolve and exercise leadership and responsibility. Organized teaching techniques and theory applications were being practiced and realized. Teaching skills were improved as well as the student’s performance in each field. In contemporary education, learning strategies were given stress and reducing the into which degree of the others. Works Cited â€Å"Tim Lambert.† A Brief History of Education. 1 April 2008 http://www.localhistories.org/education.html. â€Å" Ancient Greek Education.†1 April 2008 http://www.crystalinks.com/greekeducation.html â€Å"Hugh Graham Ph.D.† June 1993.Popular Education During the Middle Ages. 1 April 2008 http://www.catholicculture.org/library/view.cfm?recnum=903—–popular   

The Management Of A Classroom Education Essay

In the 19th century schoolroom direction was the cardinal factor which qualified a instructor as a professional. Classroom direction was in fact seen as dwelling chiefly of ; maintaining control and subject of a category of pupils and so learning them something. For this ground, maintaining order and instruction were considered as two separate countries, where subject preceded the instruction. With clip these two countries have merged good into each other that one can non take topographic point if the other one is absent. Even the significance of schoolroom direction itself continued to develop and germinate since now we all know that it is non merely about maintaining subject and order in a category, but there are much more things connected to it. Different researches have showed that schoolroom direction affects a batch the pupils ‘ larning since how good the instructor manages the schoolroom determines a batch how good the pupils learn. Indeed we must add that it is the inst ructor him/herself who makes the difference in the pupils ‘ acquisition. â€Å" I ‘ve come to the awful decision that I am the decisive component in the schoolroom. It ‘s my day-to-day temper that makes the conditions. As a instructor, I possess a enormous power to do a kid ‘s life miserable or joyous. I can be a tool of anguish or an instrument of inspiration. I can mortify or humour, ache or mend. In all state of affairss, it is my response that decides whether a crisis will be escalated or de-escalated and a kid humanized or de-humanized. † ( Dr.Haim Ginott ) We need to travel off from the traditional manner of looking at schoolroom direction. Classroom direction is non about holding a set of regulations which pupils have to follow and penalizing those that do n't conform. Classroom direction is all about the schemes the instructor adopts in the schoolroom and the affect they have on the pupils themselves. It besides involves set uping appropriate processs and modus operandis which the instructor and the pupils would hold agreed and formulated together at the beginning of the scholastic twelvemonth and so work hard in implementing and incorporating them in their day-to-day activities. These are of import since kids feel secure with a everyday particularly when covering with something new and different. As Harry and Rosemary Wong provinces, â€Å" The uneffective instructor begins the first twenty-four hours of school trying to learn a topic and spends the remainder of the twelvemonth running after pupils. The effectual instructor spends most of the first hebdomad learning the pupils how to follow schoolroom processs. † This is so since as Thody et Al. ( 2000 ) points out, processs are in fact cardinal to the schoolroom since â€Å" the deficiency of them would take the pupils to get unwanted work wonts and behaviours that would be hard to rectify † . The direction of a schoolroom includes the creative activity of an appropriate working environment which matches the activities and undertakings the pupils would be working on so that they are able to maintain focussed, motivated to larn new things and non losing concentration. The ambiance of the schoolroom must be relaxed and work-oriented while supplying a positive clime which makes the schoolroom a pleasant acquisition topographic point since this affects a batch how much the kids keep focused on undertakings and involved in activities. Therefore, positive instructions contribute a batch in the creative activity of a positive clime, for illustration in stating what we should make and non what we should n't, such as, ‘We listen to each other when person is talking ‘ alternatively of stating ‘We do non speak when person is talking ‘ . In such schoolroom where positive clime is preached, pupils feel more confident in affecting themselves and take parting in a ctivities. Thody et Al. ( 2000 ) came up with a model for developing positive behaviour in the schoolroom. This model involves 4 of import elements which are all inter-dependent amongst each other, these are ; the rights every bit good as the duties of the pupils and instructors, the regulations which help making a work-oriented ambiance and in the creative activity of positive relationships amongst all members of the school. Forming schoolroom infinite is besides portion of the schoolroom organisation because the usage of all the available infinite and desk agreement tells a batch about the direction of the category for illustration ; if in one peculiar schoolroom the desks are arranged in groups it clearly shows that in this category a batch of group work is enhanced. Good clip direction techniques are besides of import when running a category since as Fisher et al indicate out ; there is the thought of academic clip which is the sum of clip each pupil spends executing at a high degree of success. Therefore the instructor must be after the clip good for account and so, provided supervising, allowing the pupils work and seek out on their ain. The usage of appropriate resources is besides of import to be considered in a category, every bit good as, the choice of activities that match the single ability of each pupil because no two pupils learn in the same manner. Here the thought of differentiated schoolr oom comes in and for this to be efficient, good monitoring of all the single pupils must take topographic point so that adequate activities which suit the single pupil ‘s abilities and involvements are provided. Paul Hawken tells us a batch about the importance of schoolroom direction and the function of the instructor, in fact he came up with this interesting sentence, â€Å" Good direction is the art of doing jobs so interesting and their solutions so constructive that everyone wants to acquire to work and cover with them. † This reminds us that direction is all about how the job is framed and presented which is where the instructor comes in since it ‘s the instructor who makes all the difference. Classroom direction is all about the manner the instructor organizes what goes on in the schoolroom, for this ground the instructor must be equipped with a figure of different accomplishments in order to supply an efficient and meaningful larning experience to all the pupils. It entails good cognition of the capable affair in demoing assurance and carefully pre-establishing aims to maintain the pupils focused and non allowing them lose their concentration throughout. This besides imp lies that careful planning and readying must be done so that the instructor knows where s/he must take the pupils and work hard in assisting them obtain a peculiar aim. The instructor must besides expect what jobs could originate in order to be ever a measure before the pupils themselves and forming other activities which would come in ready to hand when jobs come up. Anticipation must even take topographic point while be aftering a lesson because it ‘s utile to cognize to which activities could necessitate more attending. In the procedure of going a professional instructor a novitiate instructor must be cognizant of the basic accomplishments and techniques needed to be enquired so that s/he would be good prepared when confronting a category of pupils. These accomplishments all sum up into three major classs ; accomplishments needed in utilizing tactics which help in the acquiring attending of the pupils such as pausing, re-starting or utilizing different melodies throughout the lessons. The other two classs involve reacting to misbehavior and in forestalling misbehavior such as usage of oculus contact, gesturing, synchronising and so on. These will assist the instructor in making a smooth productive acquisition experience for the pupils. Furthermore, schoolroom direction is besides affected by the instructor ‘s reaction to misbehavior and by the schemes employed in rectifying and forestalling misbehavior Acts of the Apostless. The instructor must be really careful in being house, carnival, and b esides consistent when covering with misbehavior because the pupils would be all the clip proving their instructor. Therefore the instructor must be really careful because otherwise s/he would stop up losing the credibleness. The instructor must besides be able to rectify misbehavior by doing the pupils realize what and where they did incorrect and why they should be punished so that the act is non repeated. The instructor must be really careful in non rediculate the pupil and so rectification should be done separately and non in forepart of the whole schoolroom. Disturbing behaviour is a slippery issue instructors have to confront which consequences in a loss of curriculum clip and even upset the acquisition environment. One major issue which a world in today ‘s schoolroom is that of unrestrained yak which is a hard challenge to manage. One ground of such misbehavior put frontward by Good & A ; Brophy 1997 is in fact the deficiency of tuned schoolroom sensitiveness where inst ructors do non see the connexion between the misbehaviour of pupils and the planning of the lesson which in bends shows the instructor ‘s deficiency of direction accomplishments. On the other manus, the choice of appropriate wagess in promoting positive behavior is besides of import and so is congratulations since it helps the pupils constructing up their ego regard and assurance. Giving appropriate feedback is besides of import because primary school kids rely a batch on the instructor ‘s feedback, therefore the instructor must be really careful since feedback may interrupt or do the kid ‘s assurance. From the work of Kounin ( 1977 ) we can see the thought of ‘withitness ‘ of the instructor, where s/he must possess the accomplishment of covering with different pupils at the same clip. A clear illustration of this is ; the instructor who must be able to rectify misbehavior in category, assisting single pupils while besides cognizing what each and every other pupil is making. This is besides seen even while composing on the whiteboard where the instructor must hold eyes at the dorsum of her/his caput in cognizing what all kids are making and surprising the pupils by rectifying misbehavior even when non even looking straight at them. A good effectual instructor must besides be cognizant of the immediateness nature of the schoolroom where at times speedy determinations must be taken in reacting to troubles, covering with different state of affairss which might originate in the schoolroom and so on. The novitiate instructor must besides be able to ask the accomplishment of ‘overlapping ‘ ( Lang, McBeath and Hebert, 1995 ) where the instructor must be able to manage different state of affairss together. This can be seen for illustration when the instructor directs a inquiry to a pupil who is non paying attending because in so making s/he will pull this kid ‘s attending while non upseting the base on balls of the lesson. Another accomplishment which the instructor needs to be familiar with is the accomplishment to pull off motion in the category. This is done by modulating the flow and velocity with which the lesson would be traveling by choosing appropriate activities which will do the pupils get and kept engaged on their undertakings. Procedures and good instructions help a batch in pull offing this motion throughout. A good effectual primary instructor must possess a figure of other accomplishments which would assist him/her in covering with the mundane schoolroom state of affairss ; particularly in presentation the pupils with clear instructions in order non to stop up reiterating over and over once more what they have to make. Thus, the pupils must cognize what the instructor is anticipating from them and so avoiding blowing clip in confusion and in inquiring what they are meant to be making. Knowing what the instructor expects helps in cut downing anxiousness and creates more assurance amongst the pupils. Teachers with the most effectual schoolroom direction accomplishments are the instructors who know what is expected of a learning state of affairs and are determined to implement it. A good instructor must besides demo finding in set uping his/her authorization in the schoolroom otherwise s/he is bound to see impairment in the pupils ‘ behaviour. Furthermore, Hargreaves ( 1982 ) , follo wed by other sociologists, say that ; non merely the instructors have outlooks but besides the pupils themselves have their ain outlooks and thoughts about what makes a good or bad instructor. This is so since every pupil wants their instructor to be rigorous and just, lovingness, friendly, patient, apprehension, supplying interesting lessons and explains capable affair good. It is merely through difficult work and dedication showed from their instructor, that pupils themselves will recognize how much their instructor attentions about their acquisition and that s/he believes in them and wants them to accomplish. This will assist in developing common regard in the schoolroom which is cardinal in a good managed schoolroom where instructor respects the pupils and the pupils respect non merely their instructor but besides their equals. â€Å" Teaching is good when a category becomes a community of honest nurturing and common duty. † The instructor must transfuse in the pupils the thought of teamwork and in working together in groups. This is of import since kids must larn to portion ends and collaborate together while geting those societal accomplishments which will assist them a batch in their mundane lives. However, in early childhood the thought of group work may be a small abstract and so it is the instructor who has to be able to learn the pupils what working in groups entails. A instructor should present good leading accomplishments in order to steer the pupils to larn in a adept and experient manner. This normally requires a steadfast presence and a strong sense of intent every bit good as forbearance and good wit. The Ivey concern diary Tells us that, â€Å" alternatively of looking for Jesuss, we should be looking for leaders who can travel us to confront the jobs for which there are no simple painless solutions- the challenges that require us to larn new things † . Teachers should therefore steer the pupils in researching new things and assist them in coming with the right solutions themselves because pupils learn much more from first-hand experience in order to fulfill and feed their wonders. In the procedure the instructor must besides affect and expose the pupils to assortment of activities and instill in them the love of larning new things since â€Å" A director who leads Easts people, non to the old processs and function relationships, bu t to the worlds that must drive the development of new function relationships and processs † ( Ivey concern diary, 2003 ) . Furthermore, as it was written in 2010 by Gigs Gasper in the Philippines, â€Å" A good follower is ever a good leader but great leaders did non follow, they created good leaders. † Therefore, great instructors non merely take the pupils but work hard in the creative activity of other leaders. From different researches done in the educational psychological science, in peculiar that of Davis ( 1983 ) it was found that the instructor ‘s attack to the direction of the category is really much related to the instructor ‘s position of instruction and hence different instructors would respond otherwise to the same schoolroom state of affairss. For this ground different research workers have attempted to happen solutions and attacks to different schoolroom direction issues. These attacks have been grouped into three chief classs. One of which is ; the humanistic attack where shared job work outing between instructor and pupils must take topographic point. The 2nd is more of a behavioural attack where behavioural alterations are to be applied in the schoolroom. While, the 3rd attack trades more with the direction and organisation of the schoolroom. The latter attack being the most recent is largely applicable to today ‘s schoolroom state of affairss. However, one must maintain in head that no 1 attack is the best since no 1 of them fits absolutely to every job which might originate, but one attack complements the other. For this ground it is really of import that the novitiate teacher maintain up to day of the month with these different attacks so that when the demand arises s/he can do the necessary amendments to these attacks and use them to the schoolroom while besides improvizing depending on the state of affairs. On the contrary, while sing these different schemes in covering with the managing of a category, one must maintain in head that as future educators we must travel off from the thought that schoolroom direction is made up of a set of prescriptions to be applied when faced with a behavioural job. This is so since the behaviour and reactions of the pupils will be the consequence to how good the instructor manages to supply the pupils with the right ambiance and appropriate undertakings in order to actuate and prosecute the pupils in larning. Most of the misbehaviour that take topographic point in schoolroom is due to the instructor ‘s mistake in non taking into consideration some of import issues in sing peculiar single pupils ; being the kid ‘s abilities, involvements, or any other facet which is of import to cognize about the kid and to take into consideration. For this ground, an effectual director of the schoolroom must turn to a figure of issues which would assist in fostering good direction accomplishments. MacDonald & A ; Healy ( 1999 ) province that effectual schoolroom direction depends on three chief factors which the instructor should hold complete control of, these are: committedness in supplying a meaningful acquisition experience to the pupils, perceptual sensitiveness in acknowledging what the appropriate schoolroom clime is and seting it if the demand arises, and in cognizing different schoolroom behavioral schemes which can be used flexibly in category depending on the demand. Most of the clip the instructor ‘s attack to instruction and schoolroom direction is really much related to the instructor ‘s ain experience of schooling in seeking non to reiterate the negative experiences s/he went through in the past and in edifice on what the instructor considers to be the best for the kids. Looking back at my ain school experience there were some instructors who made a positive impact on my learning experience but there were those who truly made me detest traveling to school. This negative experience was due to the instructors ‘ deficiency of good direction accomplishments, particularly the primary instructors. After so many old ages I still retrieve the incorrect direction schemes they used in category and all the unjust penalties which such direction entails. Therefore as a hereafter primary instructor I do n't desire to reiterate any of the errors my instructors made with me, but alternatively I want to construct up on all the positive I â⠂¬Ëœve experienced so the I make my pupils ‘ larning a meaningful and interesting experience. One, which they will retrieve but in a positive manner. From my ain experience in learning primary school pupils although it was a short experience I still feel that I ‘ve learned a batch about schoolroom direction and I ‘m certain that in the hereafter I will go on to develop in order to ask all those accomplishments in order to go a good schoolroom director. During my last twelvemonth ‘s instruction pattern I did came across a twosome of jobs which influenced my schoolroom direction. This is so since I had some pupils who were ever misconducting in the category and no affair how much I tried no scheme seemed to work out. Then by passing clip with these pupils in order to acquire to cognize them better I ‘ve realized what the job was and so worked difficult in order to get the better of it. They did n't swear me because for them I was n't ‘their ‘ instructor since I was merely ‘a ‘ instructor who comes into their schoolroom to learn them something. I was in fact surprised when one six twelvemonth old pupil told that â€Å" I do n't desire to be your friend because when you are gone so I will lose you! † For this ground, I worked hard in winning their trust and besides promised them that I will go on to see them even after learning pattern. I needed to demo them that I cared for them and that I wanted them to larn. Furthermore, I encountered a figure of other jobs which affected my direction of the category, for illustration in being able to accommodate my activities to all the different abilities that there were in the category since I had really bright pupils in category every bit good as others who find troubles even in composing their name. At times it was like an impossible state of affairs to get by with since some pupils managed to understand a new construct in no clip at all while others need a batch of repeat and illustrations. During category work the bright pupils ever used to complete much before the others and it is at this point where they start misconducting. In order to work out this job I looked up in a batch of books and articles and tried even a batch of schemes in category until I ‘ve managed to accommodate one to my state of affairs. Now I admit that books and researches helped me a batch but I do experience that I ‘ve learned much more from the concrete experience because it helped me seting into pattern what I ‘ve been reading and besides made me recognize that no one attack wholly works in the category, therefore one needs to follow and alter depending on the peculiar state of affairs. It is of import that the novitiate teacher develop an penetration of the schoolroom as a topographic point of professional pattern. From the work of Doyle ( 1986 ) on schoolroom direction, he identifies six belongingss which make the schoolroom a acquisition environment. These being ; the issues of multidimensionality and simultaneousness of the schoolroom where the instructor has to cover with different state of affairss together and at the same clip, for illustration in covering with all the different pupils ‘ demands present in one category. The issues of immediateness and capriciousness follow since the instructor has to move rapidly to unanticipated breaks. Another issue pointed out is the issue of publicness of the schoolroom where every action which happens in the schoolroom is of a public nature, for illustration in praising a pupil in forepart of all other pupils makes it a public action. Finally the last issue trades with the history in category since everything which happens in category all signifiers portion of the history of the schoolroom where both the life of the pupils and the instructor ‘s experience as a practician takes topographic point. The consciousness of these six belongingss creates sensitiveness in making a acquisition environment which matches the instructor ‘s instruction. Effective schoolroom direction is an indispensable characteristic which should be adopted in today ‘s schoolroom because it determines how much the kids are engaged in the acquisition procedure. The more the instructor manages the schoolroom the more the pupils are bound to larn. This is so since schoolroom direction keeps the pupils focused and engaged in the acquisition activity and therefore they are to accomplish much more academically. Furthermore, we must non see the direction of a category as something unreal because this direction in its ain right must be portion of the mundane modus operandi which implies that it must come out of the nature of the activity the kids would be working on. This direction is non merely about subject but it is a manner in which the instructor helps the pupils to concentrate and acquire themselves involved in the acquisition activity. Therefore, subject is non what governs the direction of the category since supplying the pupils with the righ t atmosphere, appropriate undertakings which match their abilities and in following processs should assist a batch in the direction of the category. Nowadays, we have moved off from the thought that silence in a category is ever positive and in believing that a soundless category is a bright hard-working category, alternatively we all know good that a noisy schoolroom may so demo that the pupils are actively involved in an activity, every bit long as, the category and the noise are kept under control by their instructor in cognizing what each and every pupil is making. During my forthcoming instruction pattern I will seek to use multiple acquisition manners in the schoolroom while besides supplying moderate challenges in order to accommodate every pupil ‘s learning manner and ability. I will besides seek to utilize group work sagely in avoiding unvarying grouping where some pupil will hold to fight. During group work I will besides delegate single work to each member of the group so that everyone can take part and lend within the group. I will besides assist them in pull offing struggles within the group and assisting them to pull off their clip efficaciously while besides learning them how to lend to the success of the group. I will besides assist the pupils in accomplishing their full potency since as Samuel J. Meisels provinces: â€Å" The highest interest of all is our ability to assist kids recognize their full potency. † I will besides learn them the accomplishments needed for success which will assist them in their present and f uture larning such as note pickings, sum uping, research schemes, and coaction in the schoolroom. I will get down my lessons by giving clear lesson aims and instructions while besides giving them an chance to review their ain work by happening their strongest and weakest points. I will besides seek to do usage of several appraisal techniques since non all pupils learn in the same manner and so they should besides be assessed otherwise. I will besides detect and acquire feedback from the pupils in order to cognize what they already know so that I can get down my lessons by mentioning to their anterior cognition and traveling bit by bit into the unknown. I will besides do it a point to stop my lessons by inquiring inquiries, such as â€Å" Mention at least one new point that you have learned today † so that I get feedback from the pupils. I besides want to learn the kids to measure their ain acquisition in order to transfuse in my pupils the assurance in going independent compe tent scholars. It is of import to inquire the pupils strategically appropriate inquiries that trigger their wonder since kids ‘s natural wonder makes them inquire a batch of inquiries. I will throw those inquiries back at them, for illustration ; while making presentations, I will get down with inquiries like, â€Å" Why did I make that? † or â€Å" If I were to make something else, what would go on? † It is of import to let the pupils to larn from each other and to portion their thoughts with one another. If one pupil has a inquiry, I will seek to go through it off to another pupil if I think that the pupil knows the reply. Finally, but most significantly I will seek non to reiterate all the negative experiences I ‘ve experienced in my yesteryear this is so since today we all know that the ground why many grownups retain a strong antipathy for any signifier of instruction is because of the detering experiences they had in their early school old ages.

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Should fast food chains in the US be held legally and socially Research Paper

Should fast food chains in the US be held legally and socially responsible for contributing to consumer obesity because of failu - Research Paper Example The number of fast food chains has also been on the increase since the early 1970s with the number of operational food chain stores having doubled over the years (Schlosser 3). With this, researchers have blamed the increase in the number of fast food chains to blame for the increase in obesity reported cases across the US. However, two sides exist in the debate in which others argue that fast foods also allow people that have lower income rates or the homeless to access affordable food (Bagchi & Preuss 854). As much as critics have suggested that obesity and fast food chains have a direct correlation, it has been difficult to establish empirical evidence supporting or negating this fact hence making the debate to be inconclusive. With this as a basis, this research essay will delve intowhether fast foods are legally or socially responsible to blame for their influence on consumer obesity because they do not disclose the ingredients or calorie levels in the foods that they sell. Furt her, the essay will assess the ways in which this scenario is likely to affect the economy of the US in terms of profit generation and customer oriented services. Linking obesity and fast food establishments In a definition, obesity refers to having a condition in which a person’s body fat is more than 30% of the ideal body weight in relation to their height. Over the years, children with obesity have received a diagnosis of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension among a list of many other preventable diseases. In the past, these lifestyle conditions only afflicted adults but the emerging trend has been that children and young adults alike have developed these conditions over time. The costs of treating obesity related conditions have been soaring over the years and critics have shifted focus to the possible cause of obesity rather than preventing the gain of unnecessary body weight of the young population. For one, critics argue that f ast food chains are to blame for the increased rates of obesity because of the many offers that they give to their customers in order to edge out market competition for themselves. For instance, McDonalds and Burger King have in recent times introduced offers on oversized burgers as a way of reciprocating customer loyalty where they dished out large servings of fizzy drinks and French fries at discounted prices. Further, families that have incredible busy work schedules also rely on fast food for ready-cooked meals as they do not have time to prepare home cooked meals for their young ones. Therefore, many families rely on taking out from fast food establishments because of the convenience and the minimal costs attached to acquiring meals from these joints. Subsequently, the consumption of greasy foods on a regular basis without engaging in active physical exercises leads to increase in a person’s BMI hence making them to become obese. In relation to litigation suits, lawyers have sought to establish the link between obesity and fast food joints in the same way that they illustrated that tobacco companies are partly to blame for the increased rates of complications associated with cigarette smoking. The argument that lawyers present is that fast food companies sell greasy foods to unknowing consumers without disclosing the calorie percentage in the foods that they retail. Therefore, fast food compani

Communication Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communication Plan - Essay Example The paper will emphasize on the factors which are essential for developing a successful marketing communication plan for the launch of the new product. Promotional techniques as well as procedures are required to be recognized along with making an identification of appropriate technologies for performing marketing operations for the company. Moreover, the paper will also emphasize on the differences of marketing communication plan required for the market of the United States and China. Marketing Communication plan is a technique of formulating strategies as well as plans for marketing new products in a market in an efficient manner. There are a few elements which are considered to be an important factor for developing an effective marketing communication plan. These elements are as follows: The club is required to conduct an analysis of the market segment where the company is going to launch its product. The market size as well as trend of the market is required to be evaluated for recognizing suitability of such market. Moreover, market conditions as well as economy should be ascertained in order to launch the new product in an effective manner (Egan, 2007). The objective of the club is required to be clear as well as precise in order to expand business operations and to be effective in providing products both at national as well as in international market in an efficient manner (Egan, 2007). The club is required to formulate appropriate strategies in accordance with the situational analysis as well as objectives of the company. Moreover, the strategies which are formulated should assist the club in marketing products in the market of China in an appropriate manner. Furthermore, the club is also required to devise appropriate marketing as well as communication strategies with the objectives of better awareness of the product among consumers in the market (Egan,

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Literature Review - Essay Example The use of medical imaging is on the rise and with that the potential risk for safety of the patient (Fazel et al, 2009). The relevance of these concerns can be gauged from reports of patient exposure to excessive radiation doses in medical imaging tests, like computed tomography (CT) scans. In essence the blame for the exposure to excessive radiations, posing the risk for radiation cancer, stems from too frequent use of medical imaging on the same patient and improper handling of the medical imaging machines (Louis, 2009). It is against this background that it becomes important for the Medical Imaging Technologists (MIT) to be fully aware of the legislations and laws of the land that govern the use of medical imaging, to ensure that they do not transgress these legislations and laws and find themselves facing legal action. The Radiation Safety Act 1999 was put in place with the main objective of protecting individuals and the environment from the hazards associated with certain sources of radiation and harmful non-ionization radiation. This focus of the Act is the reason for choosing it. The Act makes it mandatory for people to be protected from exposure to ionizing radiation unless it is deemed essential, through the three processes of justification, limitation and optimisation. The process of justification calls for the evaluation of the benefits to risk involved in the radiation practice, so that exposure is used only when the benefits outweigh the risks. The process of limitation has implications for minimising radiation dose exposure or employing techniques to achieve exposure to radiation that is below the acceptable levels and thereby minimize the health risks posed to the patient. The process of optimisation requires minimizing the health risks to individuals through the lesser degree of expos ure to radiation, by ensuring the optimal use of medical imaging (Government of

Child Labour in Bangladesh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Child Labour in Bangladesh - Essay Example Workers are oftentimes forced to work long hours in unsafe working conditions for little pay and some are forced to start working at a very young age. I will argue whether sweatshops actually raise the standard of living in third world countries, if in fact unfair working conditions are better than no job at all, or if sweatshops are merely exploitation When the terms â€Å"sweatshop† and/or â€Å"child labour† are used, there are a host of images that come to the readers mind. The broad majority of these are of course negative; however, a few scant positive opportunities exist with relation to the term as well. For purposes of this research, this brief analysis essay will consider some of the most relevant pros and cons associated with the existence and operation of sweatshops within the developing world. Furthermore, this paper will also seek to engage the reader with the understanding that regardless of the level of exploitation or non-exploitation that may or may not be taking place within the supply chains of many Multi-National Corporations. As such, this essay will attempt to weight both sides of these arguments in an attempt to determine whether exploitation of vulnerable/at-risk individuals and/or societies defines the means or production across the board or whether this means of production actually helps to raise the standard of living in some of the poorest and most economically depressed regions of the world (Ray & Chatterjee, 2012). As a means of fully understanding this question, this author will first consider the fact that almost invariably when one mentions the down sides of child/sweat shop labour, the phrase itself is nearly invariably used in conjunction with child-labour. Although this is not the case in all situations, the two terms have become so interchangeably used so as to oftentimes blur the

By the Time I Get to Cucaracha Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

By the Time I Get to Cucaracha - Essay Example Immediately after this she says that her mom was a housekeeper when she first came to the United States of America. By doing this she makes a personal connection with the reader. She expresses how she felt about the episode, how it was wrong, and why it was wrong. In her eyes it was a racist remark that should not be overlooked. She felt as though Latinas were being mocked. After stating the problem she mentions the great things that Latinas have accomplished in America like the ALMA awards in paragraph 4. Afterwards, she mentions a more popular advertisement with the Taco Bell Chihuahua in reference to an argument made how it was demeaning to use a dog in place of Mexican people. By doing this she shows that people have been making fun of Hispanics for a while. When she included another minority group in her writing, she chose African-Americans. While comparing how Americans won't allow any tolerance for racism towards African-Americans but will for Hispanics, she gives more support to her argument. Perez-Zeeb also acknowledges that fact that blacks were treated terribly by Americans. However, she doesn't believe that gives Americans the right to make fun of certain groups more than others, specifically Hispanics. She was really mad about the fact that TV constantly shows episodes with female immigrants marrying a U.S citizen for a

Fake News the Epidemic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fake News the Epidemic - Essay Example Basically, in opinion news is the real or accurate information about the event in societies. For example, local weather news stations are what would be called real news because really can't lie about the weather. Another example of real news would be nature disaster that happens around the world. There has been a call for a state of natural disaster to be declared in the parts of New Caledonia worst hit by Cyclone Cook on Monday (Call for state of natural disaster in New Caledonia, April 2017). In early March, unprecedented rainfall brought extreme flooding to Peru, leaving 94 dead and almost a quarter of a million without homes so far (Delaney Chambers, April 2, 2017). Another form of News can describe in sports. "Jimmy Butler scored 22 points, Rajon Rondo finished one rebound shy of a triple-double and the Bulls beat the Boston Celtics 111-97 on Tuesday night to take a 2-0 lead in their series against the No. 1 seed in the Eastern Conference" (Bulls beat top-seeded Celtics 111-97 t o take 2-0 series lead, April 19, 2017). Overall there are many forms real news but fake news is still a growing epidemic in 2017 society. Fake news, or hoax news, refers to false information or propaganda published under the guise of being authentic news (Forrest Stroud, n.d.). In layman terms, the Fake news is information that someone or a group of people decided was accurate information. For example, the "pizzagate" conspiracy theory end in 28-year-old Edgar Welch shooting gun inside of a Washington D.C. pizzeria.

Very womanly in behavior Essay Example for Free

Very womanly in behavior Essay Lina Wertmuller’s Swept Away original full title in Italy â€Å"Travolti da un Insolito Destino Nell Azzurro Mare dagosto† which means â€Å"By an Unusual Destiny in the Blue Sea of August†. The main setting of the movie was basically the ocean and the island where the two lead characters where stranded. The setting in the movie reflects a lot about the temperaments of the characters. It didn’t serve just a simple background but also speaks for itself and consequently telling a story. The vast blue ocean symbolizes power and beauty of Maria Angela Melato’s character. She is rich and beautiful. Just like the ocean, once you are under her vastness and beauty you cannot do anything but to sail by her command. The ocean is beautiful but also full of wrath. By a mere look, it is hard to predict what the ocean can do. It can destroy huge ships in a blink of the eye or it can give you a smooth cruise experience when it is serene. Very womanly in behavior. On the other hand, the island symbolizes domination. Whoever has access to resources dominates. As a matter of fact, that is exactly what happened to the characters of Giovanni and Maria Angela when they got stranded in the island. Since the character Maria Angela grew up rich and spoiled, she was not oriented to labor and hardship. However during her stay in the island she had to follow whatever the character of Giovanni wants since he has the resources. There were scenes in the movie when Maria Angela had to wash Giovanni’s clothes in exchange for food. In general, as aforementioned, the setting of the movie tells a story. The romantic sceneries of the dusk and dawn in the ocean view are very endearing. Somewhat telling that however wrathful a character something, there comes a point when it calms down shows love.

Training Key Areas Essay Example for Free

Training Key Areas Essay Employee’s talents, happiness and productivity normally measures on a company’s overall prosperity. Corporate responsibility has become most important value in large organizations. This requires high levels of employee contribution. Community projects and promoting diversity helps companies develop symbiotic relationships with the surrounding environments. Working towards positive corporate culture will surly build the employee value over time. This paper will analyze key trainings that focus on legal requirements, diversity and employee growth, all focusing on larger companies. Legal Requirements According to the article â€Å"Employee Training Development† written by Noe, the different situations that can result in legal actions in a organization include, failure to meet training requirements, employee sustaining injuries due or during training or a injury outside of the training session. The breach of Confidentiality against employees or an employer is also punishable by law and it entitles the employee to punitive damages as their result of injury to his or her character. It’s also vital that the organization that is using the copyright material within its training; that they obtain permission and that it is legal and punishable by law. The business must maintain and abide by both federal and state regulations in addition to the local laws; because these laws may permit the amount of hours required by laws to maintain the status of a Limited Liability Company. Organizations that are established under a Limited Liability Company must keep track of an updated hour list that are spending on training and the people that participated in the trainings. Depending if the  company is a sole proprietorship, corporation or a limited liability; the legal advisor can only strengthen the company after the trainings. The relationship between legal advisors and lawyers is extremely beneficial because he or she is well educated in the goals and objectives and can provide influential perspectives on any opportunities that can benefit the company in the future. The relationship between the employer and legal advisor is also important because they ensure that the employer is knowledgeable of the laws in other states as they are diffe rent depending on location of the business. Diversity The development of diversity training is further than just race, gender, culture and work ethic. Great diversity training within the company provides the employers the proper tools that are needed to attract new employers and maintain their great diversity work place. The diversified management and leadership programs provide coaching to assist individuals, by doing this it will create exceptional employer and employee relationships. These training programs that will be offered will increase the abilities of growth for the company and reduces the complaints and lawsuits that may be filled with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Complaints that would be filled with the EEOC would be any violation against the Civil Rights Act. The Civil Rights Act title VII prohibits employment discriminations based on sex, race, color or national origin. (EEOC, n.d.). The requirement needs for organization training is ensuring that all employees are present. Also that no materials presented are or could be offensive to any employees. Lastly organizations that are incorrectly report its training sessions as expenses’ or report reimbursements as income may harm the organization in forms of lawsuits and can very well damage the reputation. Employee Growth Employee growth is when organizations establish diversity training. When men and women participate in education courses, counseling services, and career development, it can lead to promotions and internal career advancement. The success of managers and hourly employees advancing to salary positions will produce a rippled affect as managers strive to their goals. Managers begin  working closely with employees to mentor and provide them with any desired qualities that he or she may possess but need training to advance further. The end result is more stress free environment and increase in self esteem, and less turn over’s. Conclusion Even though in all business are different, they mostly all want the same end result; success. The road to get to success is quite similar, hard work and dedication. Employee growth, legal requirements and diversity will help get to the right road, yet clearly it takes work and trainings and patience. The end result will be worth the hardship. A company must be willing to do the job correctly and it will have success. References Title Vii of the civil rights act of 1964, retrieved from. Usa.Gov http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/titlevii.cfm Noe, R. A. (2008). Employee Training and Development (4th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. Blanchard, P. N., Thacker, J.W. (2007). Effective Training Systems, Strategies, and Practices (3rd ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection.

Bilateral Or Multilateral International Trade Agreement With Eu Economics Essay

Bilateral Or Multilateral International Trade Agreement With Eu Economics Essay International trade is so common in todays business world. No country can fulfil everything it needs by itself, due limited resources and capabilities. There is a great need of collaborations between nations especially in this era of globalisation. A country can import and export its goods and services to other countries or from other countries. This can be done through bilateral or multilateral trade agreements, where by two countries can agree on trade or more than two countries agrees on trade issues regardless their level of development. These Agreements aims to reduce trade barriers and increase the movement of factors of production which are persons, goods, services and investments within countries. These two ways has impacts on trade when Emerging countries enter into agreement with EU countries as it will be illustrated later. As stated by Wikipedia (20101) increasing international trade is very vital to the continuation of globalization. FREE TRADE THEORIES Countries need to trade in order to exchange their goods and services as no country can be self-sufficient through local production of goods and services. There are two theories which support free trade, proposed by different economists: Theory of comparative advantage: According to Daniels, Radebaugh and Sullivan (2009 pg.274) in 1817, David Ricardo proposed this theory which states that countries should specialize in areas in which they have a comparative advantage. Theory of absolute advantage: This theory was proposed by Adam Smith in 1776 (Daniels, Radebaugh and Sullivan, 2009 pg.272) which states that countries should specialize in producing goods in which they have an absolute advantage. Emerging Countries Emerging countries are those countries that growth has come very drastically and so is the level of industrialization, whereby industrialization is driving the economies of those markets/nations. There are about 28 nations that are regarded emerging with China and India topping the list respectively. (More details in appendix 1). Supporting my illustration behind, Im delighted to mention some of the characteristics of these emerging countries. Characteristics of Emerging Countries Considering a country like India, I have realized its importance in the world due to the fact that, it is one of leaders in technological advancement because so far it has been accepted and relied upon. So, India is not expected to be a burden in the trade agreements with any EU country as itself could offer something beneficial. The second characteristic of an emerging country is labour pool availability at large. Country like China or India itself can be mentioned as those where cheap labour can be relied upon because of poor economic situation and poverty facing its people. So, this results in looking for job vacancies. Thirdly, considering production capacity as one of the characteristic of emerging countries in the sense that, it will be excited on looking for external markets of their products mainly goods and services. So far, I had heard that Brazil is the worlds best coffee producer as well as bananas. Therefore, from my definition above, I dare say that because of the efforts shown by these emerging countries in various aspects there is a great possibility for countries like India, China, Brazil and South Africa to fasten development within their countries. THE EUROPEAN UNION This is the largest and most comprehensive regional economic group. It began as a free trade agreement with the goal to become a customs union and to integrate in other ways. (Daniels et al, 2009, p.346) Why do business with EU? The EU promises for market in terms of both population and income. It is economically strong and stable so companies cannot ignore this potentiality of profit. ECONOMIC INTEGRATION Is the political and economic agreements among countries that give preference to member countries to the agreement. (Daniels et al, 2009, p.339) In other words, economic integration is similar to a situation whereby two or more countries come into collaboration especially in economic issues. From my understanding, economic integration has to be of mutual interest among the participating members. However, elements of any economy must be put into consideration so as to attract economic cooperation among different countries. These elements are inflation or deflation, rate fluctuation and money circulation. Before a country engages itself in international trade, it is wise for the country to decide on the type of trade agreement it is going to take because they have significant influence on the strategies countries choose to trade. These agreements tends to remove trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas which used to protect domestic countries from foreign competition Daniels, Radebaugh and Sullivan (2009 pg.54) stated there are two types of trade agreement that the country can choose from: Multilateral trade agreements Bilateral trade agreements BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS: Is where two countries decide to cooperate more closely together, usually in the form of tariffs reductions (Daniels et al, 2009, p 339) The term bilateral is a little confusing because EU negotiate trade as on trading block, its agreement with other countries, such as between the EU and Brazil, are technically bilateral agreements (Daniels et al 2009 pg.342). EU comprises of about 27 countries. Advantages of Bilateral Agreement First and foremost, as the name itself suggests, it seems that, this is the most efficient and effective way which is also easier to be implemented by the member countries. It is easily done in the sense that, decision making process is not hardly arrived at probably due to the fact that only a few countries mainly two are in. Secondly, through international bilateral relationships it is my hope that, single member country priorities might be considered hand-in-hand with the groups partnership manifesto activities. Disputes difficulties isnt an issue when it comes to bilateral trade agreements because as I said only a few countries take part so dispute settlement wont be time consuming or quarrelsome. Additionally, its quite obvious that these countries in a bilateral trade agreement wont be negligent when it comes to environmental issues as a matter of fact that, maybe such might be having standards and procedures agreed upon so as to preserve environmental degradation. This traces a country like India which environmentally disturbed. However, the legal aspects will be adhered to because bilaterally EU wont hesitate to stop some of the dirty tricks played by dishonest countries as India and probably maybe China. For instance, document and product forgery is a common thing used to falsify business agreements. Therefore, India and the like countries will have trustworthy in globe. Disadvantages of Bilateral Agreement Bilateral accord brings forward trade diversion this is whereby the formation of free trade agreements diverts trade from more efficient exporter to a less efficient exporter. These trade agreements would bring obstacles to trade duties by adding administrative complexity to the customs. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_diversion accessed on 4/8/2010 MULTILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS: Is agreement whereby three or more countries come as one to normalize trade between the nations without discriminations, frequently multilateral trade agreement intended to worse trade barriers between participating countries, as a result, increase the degree of economic integration between the participants, never the less the most valuable way of liberalizing trade in an interdependent global economy are considered multilateral trade agreements. (K. Alex, 2010) World Trade Organization (WTO), the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the major multilateral forum through which government can come to agreements and can settle disputes regarding trade. According to in 1947, in order to remove quotas and lessen tariffs, GATT was set up. The basic principle of GATT was to forbid any sort of unfairness that occurs when trading by making each member nation to equally open its markets to every other member nation. For example, most of the times, developed nations take advantage of developing nations; GATT was established to remove these trading unfairness( Daniels et al 2009 pg.340). Advantages of Multilateral The main benefit that countries can benefit from multilateral is the equal treatment. In a multilateral trade agreement it is very easy for member countries to share common standards and procedures that have been agreed upon. For instance, the movement of goods and services from Brazil to different EU countries wont face trade restrictions, embargoes or quotas. So in this case, it will be easy for investors from emerging countries can have start-ups. Also, from my opinion, culture can be used to the maximum advantage because countries in the cooperation will be able to share the good values, beliefs and assumptions when it they aspire to achieve high development goals and objectives. However, this could involve techniques which simplify complexities. Promotion of Transparency  This also contains an equity contemplation in that the worse, less powerful countries are more likely to benefit from this transparency than richer, more powerful ones (not that there isnt much more to be done. (R.Pollock, 2003) Disadvantages of Multilateral Agreement To begin, it is not like bilateral trade agreement because decision making process is very complex in the sense that, until all the countries reach into an agreement so that other activities will follow. Such agreement mostly takes lengthy of time. Also multilateral agreement leads to trade diversification. . The main disadvantage that emerging countries can suffer from multilateral is the equal treatment between countries, this levels the playing ground while the levels of economic development is different. How can a China company that are less competent by nature though not all compete with an American conglomerate company in the same bases? Can it be a fair trade? Such an agreement is bound to exploit small economies. This agreements will not consider small economies well being and moreover this agreement will halt the success of small nation to prosper further. This disadvantage will conflict with political ideology of G8 whereby the agenda for G8 summit is to boost developing countries economies and to eradicate poverty. Due to these reasons this type of agreement is not preferable to be taken by emerging countries. Benefits of international trade agreements with the EU Technology transfer EU member countries are more advanced in technology, thus emerging countries trading with them they could benefits by employing it to innovate their business processes to increase their productivity and hence grow. Increase export Emerging countries have a plenty of raw materials used by developed counties in their industries, so engaging in multilateral agreement they would be able to export more and increase their foreign exchange reserves. Also this will improve the balance of payment of emerging countries. Expand sales of the existing product: It creates a second market and the global market when a country enters itself in international trade .hence it widens its sales by selling its active products both domestically and globally. Impact of trade agreement These international agreements have profound effects on member states both negatively and positively. Nations sovereignty is threatened to some extent as countries could be interfered on making their decision to progress economically. For instance the EU would want a certain course of action to be taken and on the other hand the emerging countries would want the opposite. International trade agreement between European Union (EU) and emerging nation would impact the culture for both parties unconstructively and optimistically. There is always a chance for culture to be diluted and enriched respectively. CONCLUSION The business environment is very dynamic the one who is quicker can take the advantage before the windows of opportunity is closed for that matter In conclusion, for emerging countries, bilateral agreements are preferred than multilateral agreements. Reasons: Bilateral is attractive because most emerging countries prefer quick results stated by Lamy (n.d.). Bilateral agreements take shorter time to reach agreement and conscious as it involves fewer participants compared to multilateral. This is good because of the dynamic nature of the businesses. Bilateral agreements is a free trade where by all tariffs that restrict trade are removed; for this reason emerging countries engaging in bilateral agreement are not bound to any trade restrictions. No need to agree with WTO members they can trade with any country they wish, so long as they share the common goal and interest and they dont block the laws. Bilateral agreements are easier for countries to pursue because it is easier to resolve issues in a smaller setting. (Daniel et al 2009.p342) It is easier to resolve and settle issue between two countries than among many different countries because each country may have its own opinion and interest hence misunderstanding can occur due to the complexity of culture.

The Changes Of Jerome Renault Essay examples -- essays research papers

Jerry Renault in The Chocolate War appears to be â€Å"going with the flow†Ã¢â‚¬â€trying out for football, checking out girls—but his inner character drives him to differ. He fights to grasp his feelings and lacks self-confidence when he needs it most. As Jerry begins to unearth his inner-self, other obstacles and ideas dealing with certain emotions arise. As he progresses and reaches a level of comprehension, he grows closer to his goal—a sense of self-rule. Jerry seems to be a typical freshman, in a period of experimentation—trying out for the team, dreaming about girls, reading â€Å"girlie magazines,† but he also appears to be a dazed and confused one. He is â€Å"stunned by his mother’s recent death and by the way his father sleepwalks through life.† Jerry is experiencing an identity crisis and needs some self loyalty which can only be gained by reaching a level of understanding of himself and his feelings. Later, preparing for bed and sleep, Jerry looked at himself in the mirror, saw himself as that guy on the Common must have seen him the other day: Square Boy. Just as he had superimposed his mother’s image on his father’s face, now he could see his father’s face reflected in his own features. He turned away. He didn’t want to be a mirror image of his father. The thought made him cringe. I want to do something, be somebody. But what? But what? (p.53) As Jerry continues to search for himself, he is faced with a â€Å"Vigil assignment†Ã¢â‚¬â€refusal to participate in the school fund raiser, ...

Comparing Zolines Heat Death of the Universe and Calvinos Cosmicomics

Comparing Zoline's Heat Death of the Universe and Calvino's Cosmicomics  Ã‚   There is a fundamental dilemma that, presumably, each person faces as they begin to develop an understanding of their existence and identity which is something like, "What am I? Who am I? Where am I?" These questions are almost identical because they each address the same essential metaphysical issue of identity, "How and why Am I; why do I exist; what am I? What is the origin of I? Where am I going?" The answers to these difficult questions, whether intellectually satisfying or not, come in the form of cosmologies. Cosmologies create systems with which we understand the existence of the phenomenal world, and our own existence within it. They offer us a map, a concept, of our existence, tell us why we are here, where we are, and most often, where we are going. Of course, the most pervasive cosmologies are directly linked with particular religions, for religions are based upon the same issues: identity, origin, purpose, structure. However, this is not the domain of inquiry that I wish to pursue here, rather, I am interested in how the genre of Science Fiction creates, or recreates, cosmologies with which we might understand the universe and our individual meaning within it. How does SF create linguistic models of the cosmos, and what are the underpinnings of those cosmologies? If cosmological representations are created so that we can understand reality, in some sense, how is it done, and what questions do these cosmologies pose for the disciples thereof? I will look at two works in particular for this inquiry, Italo Calvino's short story cycle, Cosmicomics, and Pamela Zoline's short story, "The Heat Death of the Universe." I have chosen to focus my in... ...osmos may be infinitely vast and awesome, it is also as familiar as you are to yourself. Sources Cited Aldridge, Alexandra. The Scientific World View in Dystopia. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1984. Calvino, Italo. Cosmicomics. Trans. William Weaver. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1968. Hume, Kathryn. "Science and Imagination in Calvino's Cosmicomics" Mosaic: a journal for the interdisciplinary study of literature. Winnipeg: Univ. of Manitoba, (34:1) 2001. Lefanu, Sarah. In the Chinks of the World Machine. Feminism and Science Fiction. London: The Women's Press, 1988. Suvin, Darko. Metamorphoses of Science Fiction: On the Poetics and History of a Literary Genre . New Haven : Yale University Press, 1979. Zoline, Pamela. "The Heat Death of the Universe." 1967. The Heat Death of the Universe and Other Stories. Kingston, NY: McPherson & Co., 1988.