Balancing Act Essay -- Essays Papers

Balancing ActFor the working adult, being a affluent epoch college student can be quite stressful. It can also be challenging, fun, and rewarding. In order to become a victorful student you essential learn to balance and organize the different elements of your life. Three of the major elements will be work, studying and relaxing. If you can learn to balance these elements, you will find that success will be easier to achieve.As adults, most of us must work a full time job in order to support ourselves. oftentimes employers and coworkers expect us to give extra time and effort to our jobs. You must keep in mind that there is only so much time in each day and you have other responsibilities. Do not be afraid to say no to an additional workload that is not your responsibility. another(prenominal) wa...

The Cather in the Rye :: Free Essay Writer

The Cather in the Rye Nog voor hij het de klas instapte wist hij het al. Moest hij dit wel doen? Was het wel zo verstandig? Al maandenlang had Bertus B. rondgelopen met het plan. Steeds opnieuw hadden angst en onzekerheid hem ervan weerhou-den het ten uitvoer te brengen. Dagen lang had hij staan kijken bij dit, op het eerste gezicht lege en onschuldige klaslokaal. Maar plotseling op digital audiotape midder-nachtelijk uur, nam hij de beslissing en liep met zekere passen het lege donkere klaslokaal binnen. Het duurde even voordat zijn ogen gewend waren aan het donker en het lokaal. Stap voor stap kwam hij dichter-bij het pole in de vloer vliering. Langzaam kroop hij op zijn knien naar een doos. Hij klikte het slotje open en pakte er een pistool eruit. Het had het al diverse malen gebruikt om zijn zogenaamde klusjes te klaren. Hij vergrendelde het pistool met de veiligheidspal en stopte het in zn jaszak. Hij deed de doos weer op slot en liep zachtjes het lokaal uit. Ber tus liep op zijn tenen om de congiere maar niet te wekken uit zijn verdoving, als die wakker werd waren de poppen aan het dansen. Hij trok de rits van zijn leren zwarte jas helemaal dicht en sloop de nooduitgang uit. De lamp buiten sprong aan. Zonder naar te denken zette Bertus het op een lopen en verdween in de donkere nacht. Toen hij thuis kwam sloop hij zachtjes naar de schuur. Tegen de wand stond een breekijzer, hij wikkelde deze in kranten en hield het ijzer onder zijn jas. In zijn hoofd ging hij alle mogelijkheden na. Had hij alles? Kon iemand hem? Of nog erger HAD iemand hem gezien? Hij zette deze gedacht uit zijn hoofd en liep zachtjes naar buiten.Hij liep zonder na te denken naar de afgesproken plaats waar hij Arie zou ontmoeten. Van een afstand zag hij Arie al staan. Arie was helemaal in het zwart gekleedt. Arie liep op hem af, en ging naast hem lopen. Vanmiddag gaat het beginnen en komen ze langs, tot dan hebben wij de tijd, zei hij. Bertus knikte instemmend. Hij rook aan Arie dat hij weer gedron-ken had. Ik dacht dat je opgehouden was met drinken, dit valt me van je tegen. Zeker als we een klus gaan klaren heb ik liever dat je nuchter bent.

Death And Corruption In Hamlet Essay -- Corruption in Hamlet

Harold Blume said it best when he said, Hamlet is deaths ambassador to us. Through erupt Hamlet, we switch the images of death, decay, rottenness, and corruption pressed upon us. The imagery corresponds with the plot of the play perfectly, solely culminating with the gravedigger scene. The corruption images illuminate the actions of the people in Claudius court, beginning with Claudius own actions.The beginning of the play lets us know that it is winter with Fransiscos statement that it is bitter refrigerated (1.1.6) This may be an allusion to death in itself things are dead in winter. The guards speak of the ghost and we know right away that we have a witching(prenominal) theme, as well as a theme of death. In act 1 scene 2 we get the judgment that King Hamlet has been done for(p) for a while. Gertrude is already re-married and is happily out of mourning clothes. Gertrude even tells Hamlet, who is in full black mourning clothes, to cheer up. Good Hamlet, cast thy nightly tin t off,And let thine eye look like a friend on Denmark.Do not for ever with thy vailed lidsSeek for thy noble father in the constellateThou knowst tis common all that lives must die,Passing through nature to eternity.(1.2.68-73)Hamlet does not feel that it is time for him to shed his wretchedness except yet. The impression given is that it has been a long time scince the death of the old king and unless Hamlet still clings to his memories and grief. After everyone leaves, however, we find out all the marked-up details about the new King and Hamlets cause. Hamlet begins the rottenness imagery right away when he compares the world to an unweeded garden that grows to root things rank and gross in nature posses it merely. (1.2.135-6) He is utterly despondent and blames his mother and uncle for not feeling the way he does. He is the one who points out that the old King, his father, has not been dead long at all only a month in fact. He rails over the fact that his mother could be s o fickle, marrying again so soon. The affront is ground even more sharply into his frail sensibilities when she marries his fathers brother, his uncle. The fact that the two of them could be so jolly so soon after the death of his father just staggers him. He predicts t... ...ferences to death are true references and not just imagery. Alexander died, Alexander was buried,Alexander returneth into dust the dust is earth ofearth we make loam and why of that loam, whereto hewas converted, might they not stop a beer-barrel? irresponsible Caesar, dead and turnd to clay,Might stop a hole to keep the wind away(5.1.192-7)Hamlet is coming to terms with his own mortality and realizing the true somatogenetic destiny. He finds irony in the fact that a king could become a meal for a peasant, a seal for a beer-barrel, or a patch to keep wind out of a dwelling. Hamlet shows us that life is to be viewed without prejudice. It does no good to go about life with only your own interests in mind. He sa w the rottenness and corruption that comes of that and it broke him. He loved his father and to see him so maligned was heartbreaking, especially coming from those who should have loved him most. That revelation shattered Hamlets ideal view of the world.

Hamilton and Limited Government :: Federalists American History

Hamilton and limit Government The proposed band would raise $10 million through a habitual stock offering. The exchequer would hold one fifth of the stock and name one fifth of the directors, but four fifths of the control would fall to private hands. common soldier investors could purchase shares by paying for three quarters of their value in political sympathies bonds. In this way, the bank would capture a significant portion of the latterly funded debt and make it visible(prenominal) for loans it would in addition receive a substantial and steady flow of interest payments for the Treasury. Anyone buying shares under these circumstances had little chance of loosing money.Hamilton and Limited Government Hamiltons plan to establish a permanent national debt violated the principle of equality among citizens it seemed to favor the interests of public creditors over those of other Americans. Hamiltons critics also denounced his suggestion for a national band, interpreting it as a dangerous scheme that would give a small, elite group special military force to influence the government.Opponents strongest course against the band was their claim of its unconstitutionality. The Constitution gave social intercourse no specific authorization to issue charters of incorporationUnless Congress adhered to a strict variant of the Constitution, critics argue, the central government might oppress the states and trample individual liberties, just as Parliament had done to the coloniesThe president accepted Hamiltons cogent descent for a heart-to-heart interpretation of the ConstitutionTariffs doubly injured the majority of citizens, first by imposing heavy import taxes that were passed on to consumers and then by reducing the inducing for American manufacturers to produce goods at a lower cost than importsHAMILTONS LEGACYDespite the Federalists effort to associate themselves with the Constitution they truly favored a consolidated (Centralized) national government instead of a truly federal system with substantial powers left to the statesResentment ran high among those who matte that the government appeared to be rewarding special interestsSouthern reaction to Hamiltons program was overwhelmingly negativeThe Band of the United States had few southern stockholders and it allocated real little pileus for loans thereTHE WHISKY REBELLIONHamiltons financial program not only sparked an angry political debate in Congress but also helped ignite a civil insurrection called the Whiskey RebellionHamilton had recommended an excise tax on domestically produced whiskey. He insisted that his proposal would air the expense of finance the national debt evenly across the United StatesThe law furthermore specified that all trials concerning tax evasion be conducted in federal courtsHamilton and Limited Government Federalists American HistoryHamilton and Limited Government The proposed band would raise $10 million through a public stock offering. The Treasury would hold one fifth of the stock and name one fifth of the directors, but four fifths of the control would fall to private hands. Private investors could purchase shares by paying for three quarters of their value in government bonds. In this way, the bank would capture a significant portion of the recently funded debt and make it available for loans it would also receive a substantial and steady flow of interest payments for the Treasury. Anyone buying shares under these circumstances had little chance of loosing money.Hamilton and Limited Government Hamiltons plan to establish a permanent national debt violated the principle of equality among citizens it seemed to favor the interests of public creditors over those of other Americans. Hamiltons critics also denounced his proposal for a national band, interpreting it as a dangerous scheme that would give a small, elite group special power to influence the government.Opponents strongest argument against the band was their claim of its unconstitutionality. The Constitution gave Congress no specific authorization to issue charters of incorporationUnless Congress adhered to a strict interpretation of the Constitution, critics argue, the central government might oppress the states and trample individual liberties, just as Parliament had done to the coloniesThe president accepted Hamiltons cogent argument for a loose interpretation of the ConstitutionTariffs doubly injured the majority of citizens, first by imposing heavy import taxes that were passed on to consumers and then by reducing the incentive for American manufacturers to produce goods at a lower cost than importsHAMILTONS LEGACYDespite the Federalists effort to associate themselves with the Constitution they actually favored a consolidated (Centralized) national government instead of a truly federal system with substantial powers left to the statesResentment ran high among those who felt that the government appeared to be rewarding special inter estsSouthern reaction to Hamiltons program was overwhelmingly negativeThe Band of the United States had few southern stockholders and it allocated very little capital for loans thereTHE WHISKY REBELLIONHamiltons financial program not only sparked an angry political debate in Congress but also helped ignite a civil insurrection called the Whiskey RebellionHamilton had recommended an excise tax on domestically produced whiskey. He insisted that his proposal would distribute the expense of financing the national debt evenly across the United StatesThe law furthermore specified that all trials concerning tax evasion be conducted in federal courts

A Turkish Student and the Board of Regents :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

A Turkish Student and the Board of Regents In what ways can Iowa State University be improved? Responses to this question could vary widely depending on the background of the subject being interviewed. Perhaps an international student might suggest a new club or organization designed to acclimate foreign students to life on campus. However, butt Couch, an international student from Turkey, had a much much unique response. Having a wide variety of friends isnt a tumid concern of his. He is more concerned with how the university is being run and the different boards and comities, in a particular the Board of Regents. Johns opinion is that the Board of Regents isnt hearing the concerns of the students. In fact, they appear to be concerned less with the needs of the students and more concerned with the issues of funding. It is very unfortunate that the budget of the university has been cut, but the Board must still try to maintain a good relat ionship with the student body. The quality of education at Iowa State has suffered because of these budget cuts, and the Board has not posted any workable methods to attempt to replenish any of those lost dollars. When asked if he had any suggestions for passing game about this daunting task, John was unsure. There is definitely a need for more support to aid research, building renovations, and to allow for more teachers, reducing overall class sizes. Johns opinion was influenced by his initial experiences at Iowa State. John spent ii years in Iowa attending high school before choosing Iowa State. Even though when he graduated his family was still far away in Istanbul, Turkey, John was ready for college. He didnt know if he would fit in or if the other people would make fun of him, he just knew he was going to have fun and learn. John had heard about an organization called a fraternity and thought it sounded interesting. He would eventually join the universitys chapter of Sigma Alpha Epsilon and would meet umpteen new people.

A Turkish Student and the Board of Regents :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

A Turkish Student and the menu of Regents In what ways can Iowa State University be improved? Responses to this pass could vary giganticly depending on the background of the subject being interviewed. Perhaps an international student might suggest a new club or organization designed to acclimate foreign students to life on campus. However, John Couch, an international student from Turkey, had a much more unique response. Having a wide variety of friends isnt a large concern of his. He is more concerned with how the university is being run and the different boards and comities, in a particular the Board of Regents. Johns purview is that the Board of Regents isnt hearing the concerns of the students. In fact, they appear to be concerned less with the needs of the students and more concerned with the issues of funding. It is very unfortunate that the budget of the university has been cut, but the Board must still attempt to maintain a good rel ationship with the student body. The quality of education at Iowa State has suffered because of these budget cuts, and the Board has not posted any viable methods to attempt to replenish any of those lost dollars. When asked if he had any suggestions for going about this daunting task, John was unsure. There is unimpeachably a need for more support to aid research, building renovations, and to allow for more teachers, reducing overall class sizes. Johns opinion was influenced by his initial experiences at Iowa State. John spent two years in Iowa attending high school before choosing Iowa State. Even though when he graduated his family was still outlying(prenominal) away in Istanbul, Turkey, John was ready for college. He didnt know if he would fit in or if the other people would make fun of him, he just knew he was going to have fun and learn. John had heard about an organization called a fraternity and thought it sounded interesting. He would eventu ally total the universitys chapter of Sigma Alpha Epsilon and would meet many new people.

Promote Child And Young Person Development Essay

1. Explain the factors that need to be taken into account when assessing development When assessing infantren and young people it has to be d 1 sensitively and accurately. There atomic number 18 a number of factors to be taking in to account, such as confidentiality. If you want to carry out an observation on a child you wipe out to have permission from a p arnt or guardian that who is responsible for that child. Most parents guardians are happy for you to observe in that respect child although parent will non want other parent or other people to have no involvement such as reading reports as they dont want them to know how their childs development is getting on. By following the parents request you must not leave note bulks or files be around for other parents or people to see as they want it to stay confidential. When storing confidential information it should be stored carefully and make sure when you are discussing a child that you are only doing it with other practitione rs within the setting. Also when assessing children their wishes and feelings should be taking into good will.Children have rights just as much as adults, there will be times when it is not appropriate to observe children. For example if a child a child has become unsettled when doing an activity such as art work and they dont same(p) the paint. It is also when doing an observation it has to be written in a respectful manor. Ethnic, linguistic and cultural background needs to be taken into account because it is important that we assess the childrens development reliably. Sometimes the childs behaviour, skill and interests are shown separately by the children because of their ethnic, linguistic or cultural background, for example a child may not take part in a story like the three little pigs because they see the pigs as dirty. As an observer may see this as the child not being interested in this book or drama. Bearing in mind that the linguistic background is particularly import ant because the child may not show these kind of skills because the words are not familiar.Also disability and specific requirement is where some children or young people with a disability needs to be taken into consideration when doing an observation. In schools this is accepted, for example you may have childrenwith dyslexia may need extra time when it comes to sitting test, while in a nursery children need one to one with an adult and may need to give one instruction at a time. If a practitioner does not understand the childs disability this will lead to underestimating and childs ability. All children and young people rely on you as a practitioner. There is no bear witness in assessing a childs development unless we do it so fairly accurately. Statements show that if you dont do observations accurately it will hurt the childs development especially if it leads to the adults underestimating the childs ability and progress. This means that we have to consider the reliability of t he information we gather and also the limitations of any(prenominal) observations methods that we may use.1.2. Assess a child or young persons development in the following areas a. Physicalb. Communicationc. Intellectual/cognitived. Social, emotional and behaviourale. Moral3. Explain the selection of the assessment methods used4. Develop a plan to meet the development needs of a child or young person in the work setting. subject 2 Be able to promote the development of children or young people 1. execute the development plan for a child or young person according to own role and responsibilities, taking into account that development is holistic and link up 2. Evaluate and revise the development plan in the light of implementation 3. Explain the importance of a person centred and inclusive approach and give examples of how this is utilize in own work 4. Listen to children or young people and communicate in a way that encourages them to feel valued 5. Encourage children or youn g people to actively participate in decisions regarding their lives and the services they receive according to their age and abilities. Outcome 3 Be able to reenforcement the provision of environments and services that promote the development of children or young people1. Explain the features of an environment or service that promotes the development of children and young people Outcome 4 Understand how working practices can impact on the development of children and young people 1.Explain how own working practice can affect children and young peoples development 2. Explain how institutions, agencies and services can affect children and young peoples development Outcome 5 Be able to support children and young peoples positive behaviour 2. Evaluate different approaches to supporting positive behaviour Outcome 6 Be able to support children and young people experiencing transitions 1. Explain how to support children and young people experiencing different types of transitions

Difference between Branding and Brand Equity Essay

Though no one can go back and make a rat new start, anyone can start from direct and make a carry new ending. (Bard qtd. in. ThinkExist. com) This quote shows one event that the deal of grimeing is endless. Because, simply, when brand justness is known or measured, the brand could be protected and managed properly. This essay aims at giving an overview of the branding and brand equity depots or concepts to show the going between both of them.And repayable to the fact that both terms atomic number 18 usually outlined around the concept of adding value to a product (or service) (Binnie 17), it could be hard for some plurality to differentiate between both of them. Thats why the best approach to realize the difference between branding and brand equity is to dig and inquisition in the literature to define both terms to know what is meant by each one of them. However, before separating each term from the other -to know the difference between both of them-, lets move to the re al world to have an idea about a naive fact concerning a current brand (Coca-Cola in this case).This interesting example mentioned by Blackett- deserves to be mentioned here to realize how important a brand could be for a company. By mid-2002, Coca-Cola alliances stock market value reached $136 billion, while the business net asset value (the book value) was only $10. 5 billion. (5) The interesting fact here is when we add this information to the fact that The value of Coca-Cola brand for the same period (mid-2002) was estimated by $70 billion (over half of the $136 intangible value mentioned supra . (Blackett 5) Then, after realizing the importance of branding to the company in the marketplace -in the previous example-, its time to know what is meant by both terms, branding and brand equity. First of all, a brand is defined by the Dictionary of Business and Management as a name, sign or symbol used to diagnose items or services of the seller(s) and to differentiate them from g oods of competitors. (qtd. in. BuildingBrands Ltd. ) However, a brand is more than a name, a sign or a symbol.In a nonher word, this definition is not sufficient to describe the term brand. Grimaldi gave a better definition for the term brand as a faction of attributes, communicated through a name, or a symbol, that influences a thought-process in the mind of an audience and creates value. And this is what Blackett assured when he mentioned that the visual distinctiveness of a brand may be a combination of any of the following name, letters, numbers, a symbol, a signature, a shape, a slogan, a color, a particular typeface. (3)Also, Davis (2) defined the brand term as all the promises and perceptions that an government activity wants its customers to feel about its product(s) and service offerings. (2) Now, moving to the branding concept or term, according to Davis (1), branding is a complex process, but its goal is simple it is the creation and development of a specific identit y for a company, product, commodity, group, or person. (3) Grimaldi mentioned an interesting definition for branding The blend of art and science that manages associations between a brand and memories in the mind of the brands audience. And this blend involves focusing resources on selected tangible and intangible attributes to differentiate the brand in an attractive, meaningful and stimulate way for the targeted audience. Now, after understanding what is meant by both brand and branding terms, its time to know what is meant by brand equity term or concept.The brand equity concept emerged in the early 1990s, (Tuominen 96) and introduced in marketing literature in the 1980s (Rajh 1) and before mentioning definitions of this term, it is necessary to realize that brand equity is the key to understanding the net impact of marketing (Reynolds and Philips qtd. in. Binnie 16) According to Hoeffler and Keller, most definitions of brand equity rely on brand knowledge structures in the m inds of consumers individuals or organizations- (421 qtd. in. Binnie 17). And Pullig gave a simple definition to the term brand equity as consumer brand knowledge.Keller also defined the brand equity term as the differential consumer response from knowing the brand. (qtd. in. Binnie 17) According to Keller and Kevin, brand equity is the value of the brand in the marketplace (qtd. in. Pullig). McDonald added another dimension when she defined it as the stored value built up in a brand which can be used to gain market advantage (2). So, after examine these definitions, it is apparent -as Tuominen mentioned- that there are three key ingredients in the brand equity definition and they are (1) brand knowledge, (2) differential effect, and (3) consumer response to marketing. (75)Finally, according to these definitions, it is obvious that (1) branding is the process of creating, developing, protecting, and managing the special identity of the product, or the brand (to differentiate it i n the marketplace) and it is not only marketing effort, it includes all the companies efforts to build this differentiation (2) the brand is the end result of that process or the combination of all the tools used to create this special identity of the product and (3) the brand equity is the feedback of the branding process or the key to measure, assess, or weigh the end result brand as we saw previously in the Coca-Cola example- and compare it with what is desired or aforethought(ip) in the branding process. In another word, brand equity will show whether the branding process and other marketing efforts (or even public relations) are on the right track or not.

Comparative Essay- Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. Dubois

Kelly Carnevale Period 2 September 2012 Comparative Essay BOOKER T. WASHINGTON & W. E. B. DUBOIS Booker T. working capital and W. E. B. Dubois were two men that drastically altered the face of Civil Rights. Both had a strong hand in education and were dynamic figures of the Progressive Age. temporary hookup they both were figure heads in the social improvements in African American lives, their strategies of achieving change were very different. The two men had very different upbringings. Washington was born(p) as a slave in Virginia in 1856. He lived in a one-roomed log cabin.Dubois was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts in a town do up of 5,000 whites, with only 50 blacks. As for education, both men were highschoolly advanced. Washington attended Hampton Normal Agricultural Institute in Virginia and graduated with high marks, finally becoming a professor there. Dubois attended Great Barrington High School and became the sole black student to graduate. He eventually went o n to attending Harvard Law School and became the first black man to earn a PhD there. Over the course of their lives, both grew to become very gross(a) men.Washington became the founder of Tuskegee Normal & Industrial Institute and wrote the Atlanta Compromise. He was also the first black man invited to the White House. Dubois became the founder of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of dyed People) and won a Lenin Peace Prize as well as his many academic successes. Both men were very large figures in civilized rights in the late 19th snow. However they had very different views when it came to the philosophical approach of achieving these rights.Washington believed that blacks should accept racial discrimination for the time being and concentrate on socially furthering themselves through hard work. He believed that African Americans could earn the respect and civil equality that they desired from whites by having education in physical skills and high virtues. Dub ois, while agreeing that African Americans should improve their education and further themselves in society, was outraged by racial injustice and inequality and demanded his rights instead of just excusing the racism.The 19th century was blessed to have such men as Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Dubois. Without these historical figures, who knows where African Americans would be today. If these men lived today they would be overwhelmed to see that they made a change in society, that today blacks and whites are friends in society, that they have equal rights, can work the same jobs, read the same books, and live in the same neighborhoods as the white men, and we even have a black president.

Eradication of poverty Essay

The International Day for the Eradication of Poverty is celebrated every year on October 17 throughout the world. It was officially recognised by the United Nations . It is to honour the victims of poverty, hunger, violence and fear. One of the main aims of the day is to make the voice of the unequal hear and Raising awareness of the need to eradicate poverty.Poverty is the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. That is, they start out little or no material means of survivinglittle or no food, shelter, clothes, healthcare, education, and other physical means of living and improving ones biography Poverty reduction is a major goal and issue for many international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank. The World Bank estimated 1.29 gazillion people were living in absolute poverty in 2008. Of these, about 400 one thousand million people in absolute poverty lived in India and 173 million people in China.Poverty has been a seri ous problem over centuries. Every year, there are millions of people at the risk of hunger. we countenance to vie corruption. This is one of the great sources of poverty. A country with a lot of corruption will grow slower than others, and eventually, the economic activities will decline.The principal cause of why poverty exists is because of this simple fact. The Earth, on an environmental and economic standpoint, cannot satisfy every single human beings wish, desire and demand when it comes to the consumption of goods and function because of scarce inseparable resources. This harsh reality will always be present within an economically driven society given the exploitation of natural resources and the constant pursuit of economic growth. the problem lies in the distribution of this consumption where extremely few people consume almost 70% to 80% of these resources art object large numbers of people consume just under 20% of the same resources.poverty results in the lack of res ources. poor students do not score the opportunity to study in good schools, get good coaching, study good books. poverty also leads to crime. when one is unable to earn money from sporting mean, they turn to become thieves, robbers, pockpocketers, even terrorist..poverty also leads to overpopulation which is itself one of the big challenges faced by us. people think that by having more children, they will have more earning hands. thus, leading to increased population of the country. to set all things in order, it is necessary to remove poverty.(ERADICATION OF POVERTY)In order to prevent poverty, the causes that create poverty itself have to be recognized and fixed.1.overpopulation2.distribution of resources3.lack of education 4.economic trends rich becoming richer and poor becoming poorer.ment 5.corruption6.unemploymentHowever, the essence in the prevention of poverty lies in the fixing of causes and not in the fixing of factors that create poverty.Poverty cannot be removed over night. it is a long job. it can be wiped step by step. Educational facilities should be provided to all the poor families so that their outlook/ way of seeing things is broadened. the exploitation of poor should be stopped. the programs/money issued by the government should be provided to the poor in full.Then and wherefore only can poverty be removed.

Pride and Prejudice essay †a comparison of Elizabeth and Lydia Essay

Elizabeth Bennet is the second eldest of Mr. and Mrs. Bennets five daughters. Lydia is the youngest. The only amour these two siblings seem to deliver in common is their family. The girls contrast starkly.Lydia Bennet has a rather childish and fun loving disposition. She comes across as a little lacking in intelligence and her own father even goes as far as to call her one of the silliest girls in the country. As salubrious as saying that she is silly and ignorant like other girls.Elizabeth on the other hand is mature, kind, compassionate and rather more in her fathers favour than her jr. sister. He seems particularly fond of his little Lizzy and tells his wife that she has something more of quickness than her sisters.Throughout the novel the girls opposing personalities ar demonstrated. Lydias flirtatious and frivolous ship canal are very apparent at the beginning of the novel through her deportment towards the soldiers. Elizabeths wisdom shines through at the first ball in t he novel, when she overhears Mr Darcy describing her to Mr Bingley as tolerable but non handsome adequacy to tempt me. Elizabeth however takes this on the chin, and instead ridicules him by recounting the narration to her friends and laughing at his rudeness and arrogance. Her conduct is admirable, a lesser girl would have been devastated to hear herself described in such an unflattering and uncomplimentary focusing, and in this instance we rightfully see her good manners and sense of maturity.Both Elizabeth and Lydia are confident and outspoken girls although in rather different ways. Lydia tends to say exactly what she remembers without much consideration, whereas Elizabeths words are always thoughtful and quick witted. Her observance and good sense make her mostly a consistently accurate judge of character. For pillow slip she recognises the inappropriate behaviour of some members of her family, like her mother and Lydia, and feels embarrassed. Also she realises Mr collin s unsuitability for her and refuses his proposal, despite it offering her notable financial stability. She also takes a disfavor to Lady Catherine De Bourgh, regardless of her influential position, and stands up for herself and her family. However, in the case of Mr Wickham and Mr Darcy, her perception was originally misguided, but later she recognises her mistakes.Lydia on the other hand does not have such a sound sense of judgement. She believes that Wickham genuinely loves her and will marry her, when his intentions were only to elope with her. She was so gullible that she ran away with him and her only saving approving was Mr Darcy forcing Mr Wickham to enter into marriage with her.Lydia rushes headfirst into her affair with Wickham and claims to love him, although in reality she barely knows him.Elizabeth is completely different to her sister and by no means hurries into her squeeze with Mr Darcy. She demonstrates at several stages in the novel that she does not want a prete ntious and shallow relationship or marriage for practicality, but wants to find a true love match. Her cousin Mr Collins is very admiring towards Elizabeth and asks for her hand in marriage. The acceptance of this proposal would have offered Elizabeth a sound life as Mr Collins had a good house and very sufficient income. But having no physical or mental attraction to the man, Elizabeth tells how, in regard to his proposals it is impossible for me to do otherwise than decline them. Mr Darcy also asks for Elizabeths acceptance of his hand. At the stage when he makes his first proposal to Elizabeth she believes him to have wronged Mr Wickham and feels a deeply rooted nauseate for him and so declines his proposal. In this instance she follows her heart, despite Mr Darcy earning ten thousand a year and having a very respectable status and estate.Neither Lydia nor Elizabeth really aline to the expectations of the society that they live in. They are both different to the mould of averag e women of the setting, but in their own ways. Lydia is less discreet than her elder sister and surely makes a name for herself with her flirtatious and attention seeking tendencies. She is only fifteen years of age and many tidy sum scorn her for socialising with men, attending balls and such like. Lady Catherine De Bourgh is a prime example of this and tells Elizabeth that it is very odd Lydia being out at only fifteen years of age.Another far more scandalous way in which Lydia does not conform to the values of her society is her elopement with Wickham. She runs away with him to London without a single care for her family or the disgrace it force bring to their name. She believes all that he tells her unquestionably and is certainly very niaive. She is ignorant with regard to her familys feelings and her actions outrage her father and cause her mother to be taken ill immediately. It places their home in such confusion and forces Mr Darcy to pay out a substantial sum of money t o the penniless Wickham. Lydias behaviour was not the norm and Elizabeth tells how her conduct has been such as neither you, nor I, nor anybody can ever forget which implies that the elopement has tarnished the Bennett name lastingly.At the time the novel was written, women were expected to aim consummate in things such as art, music and reading. Elizabeth is suitably talented at playing the piano and has a good notion of fingering and Darcy tells how no one admitted to the privilege of hearing her can telephone of anything wanting. She is also a great reader and so all in all is quite an accomplished girl. Lydia though does not, as far as I can tell, show much talent or interest in the areas of music and arts. She seems rather absent with the soldiers in neighbouring Meryton, clothes, balls and gossip.Although Elizabeth is generally well liked and highly thought of, she does not completely live up to expectations in her society. As I have discussed antecedently she doesnt, like most girls of the time, consider money an important enough reason to marry and hence refuses two marriage proposals. In this period, women were considered second class citizens in society, as equality had not yet been established between the sexes. This makes Elizabeth an even more remarkable character as she is by no means frighten by Mr Darcy and is intelligent and assured enough to tease and mock him, questioning his actions and picking him up on his past wrongs.Her disposition is so confident that she has enough conviction to stand up for herself and express her views cleverly regardless of the company she is keeping. This is demonstrated when she stands her ground when confronted by Lady Catherine De Bourgh, telling her in no questionable terms that her prospective marriage to Mr Darcy is none of her business. In the period that the novel was written, this would not have been considered acceptable conduct as Lady Catherine is of much high social status than Elizabeth. Lady De Bourgh explains how she has not been accustomed to language as this and goes on to ask Elizabeth do you know who I am?Elizabeth also causes a minor stir when she walks three miles from Longbourne to Netherfield. It was unusual for ladies of the time to walk so far unaccompanied they would usually have taken a carriage. This is a way in which Elizabeth takes a subtle stand and resolves to do as she pleases regardless of what people may think. Miss Bingley tells how Elizabeth seems to show an abominable sort of conceited independence.The important character of the novel is Elizabeth Bennet and much of the story is portrayed through her eyes, leading the reader to favour her. She is the heroine of the novel and the main narrative is her story in particular. I think that Jane Austin meant for her to be a particularly likeable character, as she shows admirable and dignified conduct throughout. She is the sort of woman that many people would aspire to she has intelligence, beauty, talent and is a kind and compassionate sort of person. She does not allow herself to simply be dictated to, but has the strength of personality to do and say as she sees fit, and for these reasons I think that she earns almost all readers approval.I do not think that Jane Austin intended us to approve of Lydia. Her behaviour certainly was not approved of by the characters in the book as she acted without any consideration for others. She was self centred, reckless and stupid. However, I do not think that Lydia is a bad character that we are meant to strongly dislike, but on the contrary, we are meant to be entertained by her antics. She adds a touch of scandal to the story making it all the more interesting and in the end it is her carelessness in not thinking before she speaks that lead to Elizabeth and Mr Darcy finally uniting.The two sisters are very different indeed and are both portrayed to opposite extremes. Elizabeths responsibility and great qualities are magnified by Lydias usurious behaviour at the other end of the scale. I think that without Lydias character Elizabeth would not seem quite so exemplary, and without Elizabeth to live up to, Lydia would not seem such an immature and thoughtless character.I personally prefer Elizabeth and I think this is a feeling that most readers would share. I think she is an pattern role model who overcomes many obstacles to find truly deserved happiness in the story. Although I dont particularly dislike Lydia, I think that she is a silly and annoying character who lacks all the inspiring qualities possessed by her older sister, Elizabeth Bennet.

Econometric Methods Essay

Part A. Multiple choice questionsAnswer each question by circling one and only one answer. to each one question is worth 3 marks (total 30 marks).1. When estimating a linear probability puzzle using OLSa. The estimators ar biased beca do errors argon necessarily heteroskedasticb. The lurch coefficient estimates supportnot measure changes in the predicted probability of Y=1c. The estimators can be asymptotically normally distri notwithstandinged d. All of the above2. When internal validity is violateda. OLS coefficients no longer measure the partial correlation between the explanatory inconstant and the low- take variantb. The population error terms cannot be normally distributed c. The dependent unsettled necessarily becomes skewedd. None of the above3. Which of the pastime dependent variables is least like a limited dependent variable? a. Wagesb. lolly assets of a household (total assets minus debts)c. Number of visits to the dentist in a yeard. An index of happiness wher e happiness is rated 1 to 104. A variable Y is a Bernoulli variablea. Its distribution has the usual 2 independent parameters representing the mean and the deviationb. Its posted value equals the ratio of the probability of Y=0 to the probability of Y=1c. Its variance equals the product of the probability of Y=0 and the probability of Y=1d. All of the above5. In the probit model seen in classa. The variance of the error term depends on the vector of explanatory variables b. The variance of the error term is assumed to be 1c. The variance of the error term does not need to be specified because of the normality assumptiond. The variance of the error term can be estimated from the variance of the estimated counterpoise6. In panel data, the problem of attrition refers toa. The presence of large measurement error in key variablesb. The correlation of measurement errors with explanatory variablesc. The misclassification of key weed explanatory variables imputable to measurement error d. None of the above7. In the probit modela. The partial effect of a single continuous explanatory variable X on the predicted probability has the same sign as the estimated coefficient on Xb. The test statistic constructed by the ratio of the estimated coefficient to its standard error is normally distributed because we ar using the normal distribution to model the expected value of the dependent variablec. The partial effects of an explanatory variable are quantitatively stodgy to zero when the standard error of the coefficient on this variable is very large.d. All of the above8. You grow data on a savor of 95 managers works in large firms in Australia. You estimate a logit model of Y= 1 if earning $500,000 per annum using as explanatory variables F=1 if the manager is feminine (0 otherwise) PHD=1 if the manager has a PHD (0 otherwise) an interaction variable FPHD=F*PHD TEN=tenure with the firm measured in years (a continuous variable). You find the following estimatesIndexi = 0.053 0.095 Fi + 0.020 PHDi + 0.007 FPHDi + 0.0015 TENi (0.002) (0.011) (0.009) (0.003) (0.0005)where the standard errors are denoted in parenthesis. You want to test H0 tenure has no effect on the probability of earning $500,000 per annum versus H1 tenure has a positive effect on the probability of earning $500,000 per annum. You will use a 5% level of significance to conduct this test. You get an asymptotic t-stat equal to 3.0. Using the tables provided at the end of the exam, opt one of the following as an appropriate critical value to conduct this testa. 1.662b. 1.645c. 1.987d. 1.960e. 5.02399. Refer to the model and estimates in the previous question. Ceteris paribus, according to these estimates (and ignoring statistical significance)a. Women without PHDs have a high(prenominal) probability of earning $500,000 than men without PHDs.b. Men with PHDs have a lower probability of earning $500,000 than men without PHDs. c. Women with PHDs have higher probability of earning $50 0,000 than women without PHDs. d. Women with PHDs have higher probability of earning $500,000 than men with PHDs.10. Refer to the model and estimates in the previous question. You want to test that ceteris paribus, men and women have the same probability of earning $500,000. Under the null, the Wald test statistic is asymptotically chi-squared distributed with a. 1 degree of freedomb. 90 degrees of freedomc. 93 degrees of freedomd. 2 degrees of freedome. 3 degrees of freedomPART A. Multiple Choice1. C2. D3. B4. C5. B6. D7. A8. B9. C10. DSOLUTIONSPart B. Problem (Total 30 marks)Equity of access is a primary goal of many health systems. Determining whether Australias system (Medicare) meets this goal is an important research question. Consider the case of access to general practitioners (GPs). The probit results presented on a lower floor in Table 4 are part of an analysis aimed at answering whether in that respect is equitable access to GP services where access is outlined on the ba sis of health needs rather than ability to pay. The data consists of a sample of 3207 single females who were surveyed throughout Australia in 1995. The dependent variable for the try was VISIT, an indicator variable that was equal to one if the women had visited a GP in the last ii weeks and zero otherwise. The sample has been divided into two subsets depending on whether the women are less than 40 years old (the young sub-sample) or whether they are greater than 40 years old (the old subsample). Table 4 presents theme results (variable definitions follow the table).YoungOldTable 4 Probitestimates for visitto GP* VariableIntercept-0.7910 (0.1602)-1.1570 (0.2495)AGE-0.0060 (0.0064)0.0055 (0.0033)HEALTH0.3930 (0.0687)0.6131 (0.0746)KIDS0.1651 (0.0881)-0.1479 (0.1159)INCOME0.0003 (0.0032)-0.0052 (0.0037)TERTDUM0.0120 (0.1042)0.0844 (0.1509)TRADEDUM0.1842 (0.0884)0.2399 (0.1013)DIPDUM0.0077 (0.1281)0.0478 (0.1422)PHI0.0258 (0.0783)0.1781 (0.0768)Observations17171490Log-likelihood-9 35.52-892.24PART B.i. (8 marks) Discuss the effects of PHI on the probability of visiting a GP and compare these effects for the two subsamples of young and old women. Repeat the exercise for the KIDS variable. Do you think that these variables are credibly to violate the zero conditional mean assumption? DiscussPHIIn both subsamples, the estimated coefficient on PHI is positive ceteris paribus the probability of visiting a GP is higher for those with PHI than without. The size of coefficients may be discussed using the rule of thumb but these must not be confused with partial effects. The effect is statistically earthshaking among the old while the opposite is uncoiled for the young. In the young subsample, the coefficient is insignificant at any conventional level (t statistic for testing irrelevance of PHI against the 2-sided alternative is 0.3295 1.645) whereas in the old subsample it is significantly different from zero at the 5% significance level (t statistic = 2.319 1. 96).The sign is as expected since PHI makes it cheaper to use GP services and women who expect to visit GPs more(prenominal) often are more likely to purchase PHI. The latter implies that ZCM may be violated due to a endurance effect.KIDSIn the young subsample, the coefficient on KIDS is positive and statistically different from zero at the 10% level (t statistic = 1.874 1.645) the probability of GP visit is higher for those with dependent children.In the old subsample, the sign of the coefficient indicates that the effect is negative but the coefficient is statistically insignificant from zero at conventional levels (t stat = 1.276 1.645). A priori, the expected sign is ambiguous women may visit GPs for childrens medical care as well as their own (positive) but at the same time they may become busier due to child rearing (negative). For the old sample, KIDS may be older and hence mothers no longer visit GPs for the childrens health. Other reasonable explanations are acceptable. You can argue both ways on the ZCM assumption for example, you can argue that fertility decisions are exogenous to GP visits. You could also argue that there is an omitted variable bias (KIDS is picking up some unobserved component e.g. better health measurement than what is being captured by the existing explanatory variables). Also if the true underlying relationship depends on the heel of resident dependent children, KIDS is top-coded at 1, causing the ZCM assumption to fail due to a measurement error match with this variable. Additional materialYou could also earn marks (lost elsewhere in the question) by discussing the size of the effects. For example, the effect among the young seems non-trivial in the sense that the coefficients magnitude is slightly over 40% of that of the coefficient on the poor health indicator (HEALTH) while for the old, the variable seems far less economically relevant relative to HEALTH. ii. (5 marks) If there is equity of access then variables re lated to income, education and private health insurance should not affect visits to GPs. When the models are re-estimated without these variables (i.e. with only AGE, HEALTH and KIDS included) the log-likelihood values are 937.92 for the young sub-sample and 898.63 for the old. Using these results evaluate the null hypothesis of equity of access.Statement of the hypothesesCalculated statisticsLR test statisticsLLRYOUNG = 2(-935.52+937.92) = 4.8LLROLD = 2(-892.24+898.63) = 12.78.Distributions of the test statistics and critical valuesThey are asymptotically chi-squared distributed with 5 degrees of freedom under the null.The appropriate 10% and 5% critical values are 9.2364 and 11.0705 respectively. Decision rules and conclusionsSince LLRYOUNG 9.2364, we fail to reject the null at 10% level in the young subsample there is not enough evidence to conclude that income, education and PHI variables affect young womens GP visits.Since LLROLD 11.0705, we reject the null at the 5% signifi cance level in the old subsample and conclude that there is some evidence against equity of access among the old women. iii. (4 marks) Consider two grammatical cases of women persona 1 where AGE = 20, HEALTH = 1, INCOME = 20 and all other variables = 0 type 2 is identical except that AGE = 60. Write down the equation(s) you would use to compare the probability of visiting a GP for these two types of women. Using the probit results can you determine which of these two types of women are more likely to have visited a GP in the last two weeks? If your answer is yes then make the comparison, if your answer is no then explain what information you would need to make the comparison. star possible answer is to use the index and argue that the ranking by the probabilities will be the same as that provided by the indexIndex for type 1 = -.791 + -.006*20 +.3930 + 0.0003*20 = -.5120 -.51 Index for type 2 = -1.1570 + .0055*60 +.6131 0.0052*20 = -.3179 -0.32 Since the standard normal CDF incr eases in the probit index, type 2 woman is more likely to visit GPs than type 1 woman.Another possible answer is to write down the normal CDF for the two types and argue that the equation for type 2 will be greater than type1.Additional materialYou could also earn marks (lost elsewhere in the question) by calculating the difference in the probabilities using the table on p.10 of the exam paper i.e. the difference in the predicted probabilities can be evaluated as (.5-.1255)-(0.5-.1950) = 0.0695 .07 higher for type 2. iv. (6 marks) In determining the sample to be used for estimation, any individual who did not report their income or reported zero income was deleted from the analysis. Do you see any real or strength problems with this modelling decision? Can you provide an alternative method to deal with this problem?Likely problems (one of the following or another sensible problem) -The potential selection bias which arises when the decision to report zero income or refuse reporting any is correlated with the decision to use GP services. For instant, top incomegroups may be more jealous of their income information and at the same time more likely to be health conscious and visit GPs in consequence excluding the tell individuals would affect all coefficient estimates as the model would have to predict a lower probability of GP visit on average.-The decrease in the sample size and the resulting increase in standard errors. The incomplete cases may still provide useful information on the effects of other variables on GP visits and the researcher has discarded this information.Alternative solutions (one of the following or another sensible solution) Use other information to impute the missing information Use low-down variables for missing income. More sophisticated imputation methods Estimate a selection model (this is covered in more detail later in the class but you may know about it from reading or elsewhere)v. (7 marks) Explain how you would construct and u se a hit and miss table to compare the performance of the models for the two subsamples of women (young and old). (You do not have to actually construct a table.) graduation 1. Calculate a predicted probability for each person in the relevant subsample. Step 2. Obtain a predicted binary case for each person using a classification rule if person is predicted probability exceeds c, the predicted outcome is 1 and otherwise 0. It is ok if you use 0.5 or the sample mean.Step 3. For each subsample, tabulate frequencies of predicted and actual binary outcomes in the following formPredicted01 notice 0 A B1 B AwhereA (A) = the total number of women whose predicted and observed outcomes are 0 (1) B (B) = the total number of women whose observed outcome is 0 (1) but the predicted outcome is 1 (0).Step 4. Now, compare the relative frequencies of correct predictions for each subsamples i.e., compare (A+A) / (A+B+A+B) across the subsamples. This tells us how well one model performs relative to a nother in terms of predicting the observed outcomes. It is ok to describe the comparisons of the predicted 0s separately from the predicted 1s (ie the comparisons of A / (A+B) and A / (A+B) across subsamples) but this is not needed for full marks.

Its Catalysts and Unhealthy Results Essay

The body has acted as the playground of beauty. Many individuals collapse experimented with their bodies in order for them to count on and feel sincere, mainly influenced by media and backed up by vanity. However, this unvarying experimentation has created an unusual obsession towards making their bodies look better. False perception of beauty has created an un similarly utilisation which come alongs to cost some individuals lives. False Imagery of the body seems to have been influenced by media, has also created a fibre model, and passed in unhealthy eating habits.Western Media covers al virtually the entire world and accompanied by the internet, their reach might continue to grow. Western television shows, movies, magazines, and other related media conveyed their perception of beauty. Western media has reign much of the third world countries local media hence, the influences of Western media on beauty bunghole be most evident within this group. The result was a distortio n of their o perception of beauty.Here is a good example coming from the reading Fijians revere a bodyfeatures that show that the body is strong, hard-working, and healthy poornesswas seen as some kind of social loss or neglect (McClelland par. 7-8). This was the Fijians veritable perception of beauty when their government announced the installation of a television ne iirk which included westerly programs. Years later, this perception suddenly changed. However, the influence of western media acts only as step one to adopting the changes in perception.Step two is when the individual accepts these changes. Hence, it naturally falls as the individuals choice. On the other hand, western media has still created a false imagery of beauty which dominated the other cultures perception on the subject. This may have resulted to the creation of a greater rift between two or more ethnic groups. The United States boasts a diverse population which can be stray into different ethnic groups alb umin Americans somewhat making up the majority.Whitesespecially womendominate western media hence, this enabled them to be the role models in terms of beauty. Among the minority groups, many have tried to make their selves look like their favorite celebrities and personalities from the western media trying to look thin and white which for them, defined sexy. They simply felt unsafe with the way they look and how others reacted put white baby powder on my cheeks just to look white, which was tell by a 19-year old South African, East Indian girl (McClelland par.11). Insecurity on her God-given design has made her act this way. The whites may seem to be the perfect role models. However, there are a lot of potential role models from the minor ethnic groups that can be equally beautiful, sexy, and sophisticated when compared to the white role model. Members of the minority need a role model of their own in order to forfend the mishaps of eating put outs and other illnessesparanoia, insecurity, and vanity are just some.Unhealthy eating habits are a result of a persons insecurity with his or her own bodyusual eating disorder patients were women. There are two types of eating disorders (1) Anorexia (self-starvation) and (2) Bulimia (induced vomiting). Both were equally regarded as a grave habit, especially the latter. From some distort perspective, many still perform such acts in order to look goodbeing thin is considered sexy. A woman performing these acts may appear sexy, which does not seem to wrong. However, the sacrifice that she had to make can be seen as an act of desperation.Not only that, these two habits can damage the bodys system which can be fatal when not cured. The influence of the western media seems too powerful to counter-influence it. The ethnic disparities may continue to grow and the anorexic and bulimic might watch the same. However, I believe that there is still a way to change the habits of the old and replace these distorted images wit h ones that would not affect the way people live.Works CitedMcClelland, Susan. (August 14, 2000). Distorted Images. Macleans.

Intellectual thought Essay

An noetic is a person who primarily uses intelligence in either a professional or an somebody capacity. As a substantive or adjective, it refers to the organize product of such persons, to the so-called life of the mind generally, or to an aspect of something where learning, erudition, and informed and critical view are the focus, as in the intellectual take aim of the discourse on the matter was not high.Jacques Barzun, a French-American intellectual.The intellectual is a specific chassis of the intelligent, which unlike the general property, is strictly associated with reason and thinking. Many everyday roles require the application of intelligence to skills that may film a psychomotor component, for example, in the fields of medicine, sport or the arts, but these do not necessarily involve the practitioner in the world of ideas.The distinctive quality of the intellectual person is that the moral skills, which he or she demonstrates, are not simply intelligent, but even mo re, they focus on thinking about the abstract, philosophical and esoteric aspects of human inquiry and the value of their thinking. Traditionally, the scholarly and the intellectual classes were closely place however, while intellectuals need not necessarily be actively involved in scholarship, they often have an academic background and will typically have an association with a profession.More broadly, any work of the mind may be termed intellectual property, whether or not its content is intellectual in the mother wit covered in this article. Intellectuals include not only philosophers, interested in epistemology, but also others in the arts and sciences, plus the humanities, with no boundaries as to fields of study.

Historical Context of the Remakes of The Phantom of the Opera Essay

The Phantom of the Opera has underg peerless subsequent retreads. This Hollywood get hold of has undergone numerous remakes at different historic moments by pith ofout the world. In Hollywood and the United Kingdom, it has spawned more than cristal hold and TV renderings that differ significantly in selecting the settings for the horror-romance Paris, New York and London in accounting for the dominates disfiguration, in portraying the opera understudy, as well as Christines attitude toward the shade.However, they all obey the male shadow-t to each oneer and female opera-student structure so that heterosexual desire manifested in twain mens competition for a woman remains the prime move of the plot. My cerebrate in this essay is Andrew Lloyd Webbers version of the said(prenominal) text editionbook.My emphasis in this text will be how the wraith including his design and voice is re symbolizeed in spite of appearance the exposure technology available at that time i n contradistinction to the manner in which the shadows forecast and voice is represented in different versions of the aforementioned text. My working hypothesis is that since the phantom, by definition, exceeds opthalmic facsimile in the silent and the sound versions, his voice, as a singer and a music teacher, emerges a master(a) site for government agency and signification.To explore the representation and the significance of the phantoms voice, I will focus on (1) how the phantom-teacher relates to his student finished voice as well as visage, (2) how the teacher-student relationship differ from take away to film from Schumachers film in contradistinction to the other version of the film, (3) and how to read these relationships in allegorical terms, or in relation to their respective material-historical conditions. The last question leads me to map the teacher-student relationship onto the tension amongst an veritable film and its remake(s).In the end this paper will de monstrates the manner in which each remake strategizes its persuasion vis-a-vis a historical moment and a prior film text hence it come afters from this that each remake specifically Schumachers remake should not be subsumed into an echoing tradition in the corridor of the history. I start with the representation of phantoms voice and its interplay with the shadow. The aural-visual dimension is significant for our misgiving of the issue of subaltern film remaking, which is at considerable last an issue of power circulation and distri notwithstandingion.In the film diegeses, the phantom holds power over the student and other tidy sum for two reasons (1) he eludes audio-visual representation and (2) he assumes the empowered teacher position. The 1925 version of The Phantom of the Opera revolve around upon the triangular tension between Erik, The Phantom (Lon Chaney) Christine (Mary Philbin), an understudy in the Paris Opera House whom the phantom has trained and elevated to th e diva position and Raoul (Norman Kerry), Christines fiance. As indicated above, the phantom, by definition, exceeds direct visual coding.The snarled of representation is further compounded by the fact that the film, being silent that being the 1925 version, cannot represent the phantoms voice except through the theatre orchestras performance. This means that the voice and other diegetic sounds the earshot hear do not envisionm to emit from the screen. This representational dilemma is alleviated through the use of shadow an image that signifies the fusion of absence and presence, thus nigh appropriate for the phantom auspicate.More specifically, this silent film mobilizes venues of representation before Christine sees the phantom. The first is the shadow, proffered exclusively to the audience who, according to Michel Chion, is deaf and cannot hear the phantoms voice (Chion 7). The other, the phantoms angelic voice, is heard only by Christine and other characters. The differenti ated acquaintance distribution leads to two modes of spectatorship, one being exclusively visual, and the other exclusively aural. In both cases, the phantom is omnipotent when remaining a mere shadow or a disembodied voice (Chion 19).When lodged in a physical body, a process the power is lost. This takes place in The Phantom of the Opera when Christines fascination with the acousmatic phantom turns into dread and disgust once the voice is embodied in a visual image i. e. , the skull head that she has un wrapped. Thus, the phantoms deacousmatization depletes his magic power over Christine. Not only does his horrific visage drive Christine to cover her face which whitethorn implicitly mirror a female beautys typical response to a horror film.It also forces the phantom himself to cover his face. The implication is that to aver his power, he has to remain invisible. In the same manner, for a horror film to remain horrific, it must not be seen in unobstructed view. As Dennis Giles o bserves, the more the viewer st atomic number 18s, the more the terror will dissipate to the issue that the image of full horror will be revealed (unveiled) as more constructed, more artificial, more a fantasy, more a fiction than the fiction which prep ares and exhibits it.To look the horror in the face for very long robs it of its power. (48) By covering his face, the phantom symbolizes the horror films attempt to block the viewers vision. In other words, the power of the phantom, and by extension, of the horror film, consists in deprivation of visual representation. The problematic of representing a phantom in a silent film thus finds resolution in a paradox, namely, the guess and effectiveness of representation consists precisely in a lack of direct visual representation.Acousmetre is also crucial for maintaining the teacher student relationship. Once deacousmatized, this relationship comes to an end, which in turn de-legitimizes the phantoms proposal to Christine. later on a long sequence of suspense, sound and fury, during which Christine is salvaged from the Opera Houses underground catacomb, while the phantom chased to a dead end, the film sign version of the film closes with a double shot of Christine happily get hitched with with her aristocratic fiance.Instead of a beauty and the beast story, in which the beast is transformed into a fine-looking nobleman by the beautys kiss, the hulk in this film remains a monster and the opera actress gets punished for her scopic and epistemological drive a monstrous transgression she must redeem by betraying the monster reversive to humanity defined as white heterosexual normality and succumbing to a domesticating marriage. The containment of the female deviancy is built into the film producers plan to reinforce what they perceive as the audiences wish a movie close the love life of Christine Daae (MacQueen 40).The film thus ends with a triumph of a bourgeois fantasy premised on the domestication of wo men, and the destruction of the monster. Joel Schumachers remake of the original Phantom of the Opera, did not come as a surprise, given the frequent practice of borrowing and adapting at the time. Schumachers version retains the powerful phantom figure whose self-de-acousmatization again successfully captivates the student, Christine. Nevertheless, it also displays far more intense interactions between the phantom-teacher and the singer-student.Briefly speaking, their relationship goes through four successive steps ventriloquism, reverse ventriloquism or excessive mimesis, performative reiteration, and finally, the Benjaminian afterlife which delineate Christines gradual usurpation of the phantoms power while also contributing to the dialectical image provided by the phantom-teacher and singer-student relationship. The phantom begins with ventriloquizing Christines in the latters reenactment of the formers masterpiece, now highborn Romeo and Juliet, replacing Hot Blood in Song at Midnight.During the performance, Christine falters at a melody note, but is undetected by the theatre audience, thanks to the phantoms backstage dubbing, visually represented through cutaways. The camera first holds on Christines bending over the dead Juliet then closes up on his slightly opened mouth and bewilderment, and subsequently following Christines puzzled look, cuts to the cloaked phantom in profile, hidden behind a window curtain in the backstage, emotionally singing out the tenor notes.Cutting from the front stage to the back stage area also echoes. In the aforementioned scene, it is all-important(a) to note that the moment of ventriloquism gradually gives way to Christines agency. Indeed, Christines centrality in the film is testify in the predominance of the perspective shots that mediate the off-screen audiences knowledge and sensorial experiences. This viewing structure contrasts sharply with The Phantom of the Operas 1925 version.Whereas Christine deacousmatizes t he phantom, the audience actually sees the disfigured face before she does. Similarly, Christines knowledge regarding the phantom is one step behind that of the audience who hear the phantoms midnight singing and see an enlarged shadow cast on the wall at the opening of the film after the initial portrayal of the opera houses condition after the fire. The contrast between the two aforementioned versions of The Phantom of the Opera suggests two different ways of constructing history.One is to hide away the past embodied by the phantom that has transformed beyond recognition so as to reproduce its old, familiar image in a present medium, or the student. The other is to acknowledge what the past has break, in order to re-suture it into the present without reducing the present into a mere mirror image of the past. Thus, Christines agency and the Phantoms revival become interdependent. The teacher-student hierarchy, as argued previously, is analogous with the hierarchy between the maste r and the slave.Furthermore, it can also be mapped onto the tension-ridden relationship between a film and its remake(s). These interconnected, parallel relationships allow us to situate the cultural production of a film in a dynamic socio-political field (Gilloch 17). Following Gerard Genettes definition of hypertextuality, which designates that a hypertext both overlays and evokes an precedent text, or hypotext (Genette 5), I argue that a remake occupies the student position, and that its very existence testifies to and evokes its teacher or predecessor. As a form of cinematic doubling, how the student film situates itself vis-a-vis the teacher and its own historical moment determines possibilities of remaking (Smith 56).The major divergences between the two versions of The Phantom of the Opera mentioned above suggest two diametrically opposite agendas. Whereas the former prioritizes domesticating and suturing women into white-oriented heterosexuality, the latter historicizes and politicizes the hetero-erotic relationship between the teacher and student. There are several ways in which one may understand the aforementioned divergence.It is important to note that the text qualified by Schumacher for the construction of his version of the aforementioned film is in itself a divergence from the original. In comparison to Lon Channeys version of the aforementioned film which is an adaptation itself, Schumachers version discarded most of the horror version aspects which have been associated with the film as well as the original text by Leroux. Examples of these are evident if one considers Schumachers choice for the characterization of the phantom himself as a disfigured individual as opposed to a skull hiding behind a mask.In a way there are several ways in which such a depiction the change of depiction may be understood. Initially, one may state that such a shift stems as a result of the shift from the operatic version of the film as opposed to the Beauty a nd the Beast theme associated with the film. Second, in line with the initial claim of this paper, one may understand the shift in terms of the phantoms depiction as a means of mirroring the historical conditions of the films production.The process of mirroring the initial work as a means of showing the teacher-student relationship in relation to the silent film version and Schumachers version may be understood as a means of employing the manner in which the student has transcended the master to the extent that such a transcendence enabled the initial freedom from the heterosexual archetypal relationships which enables the submission of the female to the norm that being the norm of female submission towards the male.It may indeed be argued that Schumachers version also enabled such a submission since Christine chose Raoul over the phantom. It is important to note, however, that such a choice may be understood other than in relation to the original silent film adaptation of the afore mentioned text. poster for example the depiction as well as the characterization of the phantom in the initial version of the film. As was noted at the flack of the paper, the depiction of the phantom in the initial version silent film version presented a horrible figure i. e. a skull for a face.Such a presentation may be understood, in such a way, that the phantom is presented as the depiction of the deviance resulting from the inability to adhere to the norm. Deviance from the norm, in this sense, may be seen and in fact understood as a horrible act itself. Schumachers version with its depiction of the phantom as figure with a face a handsome one in fact despite its minor deformities may be seen as mirroring the manner in which deviance from the norm that of the adherence to the heterosexual and in a sense highly patriarchal relationship is more acceptable within the current context of the films production (McQueen .Schumachers version begins with a reel from the 1919 occurrence at the Opera Populaire wherein the old Raoul is depicted as buying knickknacks that serve as the reminder of the occurrences that led to the aforementioned operas demise. What follow this scene is a reconstruction of the Opera Populaire resulting from the flashback of memories to those who where in it during 1819 thereby providing the spectator with the truth behind the masked lives of those who lived within the opera at that time.What is arouse to note in Schumachers version in relation to the reconfiguration or rather redepiction of the phantom is the manner in which one is now given a new manner of understanding the means in which Christine gains her agency. In fact, agency in Schumachers version of the film is depicted as a manner of choice and not as mere adherence to a prescribed norm in comparison to the original adaption of Webbers text.Dramatically, the story hinges on a series of conflicts which continually redefine Christines position in relation to her surroundings as well as to the individuals around her. Webbers version as adapted by Schumacher depicted this process through a series of musical themes, motifs, and textures which portray the development of characters, attitudes, and emotions. Note that the materials in each of the musical themes and motifs are rarely modified except through instances of fragmentation.Although fragmentation occurs, it is interesting to note that when considered together, these musical themes literally play out the drama involved within the play (Snelson 110). In summary, in this paper I argued that the teacher text does not simply crumble when the student text arises in resistance, but rather experiences a revival. This is because the remake cannot fulfil itself without simultaneously evoking not imitating the afterlife crystallized in its textual predecessor (Mignolo 112).A film remake re-presents its hypotext not by turning itself into a spiritless double, which simply reifies the hypotext, but rather by reval orizing the unique historical position of the hypotext, paradoxically achieved by the remakes stress on its own distinction. In this sense, the various adaptations of Webbers The Phantom of the Opera may be understood in such a way that both versions that stand in a teacher-student relationship present a challenge of the archetypal heterosexual relationships which stand as the pervading theme of the various versions of Webbers The Phantom of the Opera.

Fool Chapter 17

ACT IIIJesters do oft prove prophets. fag Lear, Act V, Scene 3, ReganSEVENTEENREIGNING FOOLS, HAILING NUTTERSBlow, wind, crack your cheeks Rage Blow thnethered Lear.The oerage piece had perched himself on the top of a hill exposeside Gloucester and was shouting into the wind like a blinking(a) lunatic, altogether the same as lightning raked the sky with white-hot claws and thunder shook me to my ribs. come in in from there, you bloody decrepit elder looney express I, huddled under a holly bush nearby drenched and c of age(predicate) and at the end of my patience with the old man. Come coering fire to Gloucester and ask shelter from your daughters.Oh, ye heartless theologys Send your oak-cleaving deadenedbolts bulge on meBurn me with your sulfurous and life-ending firesSinge my white head and reduce me to a pillar of ash treeStrike me dead Let your wrath view fiery form and smite meTake me, save no violenceI do non blame thee, thou art non my daughtersIve disposed you no affaire and expect no quarterDo your horrible pleasure direct,To a poor, infirm, despised old man relegate the sky Strike me deadThe old man paused as a dash split a tree on the heath with blinding fire and a noise that would cast statues to shitting themselves. I ran out from under my bush to the kings side.Come in, nuncle. Take some shelter under a shrub, if only to fulfill the sting out of the rainwater.I take on no shelter. Let nature take her naked r change surfacege.Fine, then, give tongue to I. Then you wont be needing this. I took the old mans heavy fur cape, tossed him my maudlin woolen cloak, and retreated to my shrubbery and the relative shelter of the heavy animal skin.Hey? tell Lear, bewildered.Go on, say I. Crack the sky, fry your old head, mash your balls, et cetera, et cetera. Ill prompt you if you lose your place.And pip he went againMighty Thor, hurl your thunderbolts to cease this weary heartNeptunes waves, beat these limbs from their jointsHeca tes claws, tear my liver and sup upon my soulBaal, blast my bowels from their bad homeJupiter, strew the land with my shredded muscleThe old man stopped his tirade for a moment and the madness went out of his mettles. He looked to me. Its really fucking cold out here.Like world struck by a bolt of the bloody obvious on the road to Damascus, innit, nuncle? I held undetermined the great fur cloak and nodded for the old man to join me in it under my shrubbery. He crept subdue the hill, cargonful not to slip in the rivulets of mud and water that cascaded by, and ducked under the cover with me.The old man shuddered and put his skeletal arm around my shoulders. Rather closer than were accustomed to, eh, boy?Aye, nuncle, did I constantly tell you that you are a genuinely attractive man? utter Jones, poking his puppety head out of the cloak.And the old man began to laugh, and he laughed until his shoulders shook and the laughter broke into a jarring cough, and that continued until I thought he might expectorate vital organs. I caught some freezing rain in my cupped hand and held it for him to sip.Dont make me laugh, boy. Im mad with grief and rage and Ive no stomach for jests. You should stand clear, lest a thunderbolt scorch you when the gods heed my challenge.Nuncle, begging pardon, that, you arrogant old tosser The gods arent going to strike you d get down got with a thunderbolt simply be safari you asked them. Why would they accommodate you with a thunderbolt? More likely a carbuncle, festered and kaput(p) fatal, or perchance a give thanksless child or two, being how the gods love their irony.The cheek say Lear.Oh yes, cheeky gods they are, say I. And you named off a bushel of them, too. Now if you are struck down we wont til now know who to blame unless lightning brands a signature in your old hide. You should mother dared one, then waited an hour perhaps before calling fire down from the whole lot at a go.The king wiped rain out of his eyeball . Ive set a thousand monks and nuns to pray for my forgiveness and the pagans slaughter goats by the herd for my salvation, further I fear it is not enough. Not once did I act in the interest of my people, not once did I act in the interest of my wives or my daughters mothers I have served myself as god and I find I am little forgiving. Be kind, Pocket, lest you one day face the sliminess as I do. Or, in absence of kindness, be drunk.But, nuncle, said I. I do not need to be cautious for the day when I become frail. I am frail now. And on the glossy side, there may be no God at all, and the savage deeds youve done depart be their own reward.Perhaps I dont even rate a righteous slaughtering, sobbed Lear. The gods have direct these daughters to suck out my life blood. It is punishment for how I treated my own father. Do you know how I became king?Pulled a sword out of a stone and slayed a dragon with it, didnt you?No, that never happened.sod convent education. Buggered if I know then, nuncle. How did Lear become king?My own father, I murdered him. I do not deserve a noble death.I was speechless. I had been in service of the king over a decade and never had I perceive of this. The story went that old King Bladud had handed the kingdom over to Lear and went to Athens, where he learned to be a necromancer, then re dark to Britain and died from the plague in service of the goddess Minerva at the synagogue at Bath. But before I could gather my wits for a reply, lightning cracked the sky, illuminating a hulking creature that was making its way crossways the hillside toward us.Whats that? I asked.A demon, said the old man. The gods have sent a monster to take their revenge on me.The thing was covered in slime, and walking as if it had just been constructed from the very earth over which it slogged. I felt for the daggers at the small of my back and pulled one from its sheath. Thered be no knife throwing in this downpour I wasnt even sure I could hold the bl ade steady for a thrust.Your sword, Lear, said I. Draw and defend. I stood and stepped out of the shelter of the shrubbery. I spun Jones so his stick end was at the ready, and drew a flourish in the air with my dagger.Come hither, demon Pockets got a coach ride back to the underworld for thee.I crouched, thinking to leap out as the thing lunged. Although it described the shape of a man, I could see long slimy tendrils drag from it, and mud oozing off of it. Once it stumbled Id leap on its back and see if I could cause it to fall and slide down the hillside, away from the old king.No, let it take me, said Lear. Suddenly the old man shrugged off his fur cloak and charged at the monster, his arms wide, as if offering his very heart to the beast. Slay me, ye merciless god rend this black heart from Britains chestI could not stop him and the old man fell into the beasts arms. But to my surprise, there was no tearing of limbs or bashing of brains. The thing caught the old man and lowere d him gently to the ground.I lowered my blade and inched forward. Leave him, beast.The thing was kneel over Lear, whose eyes were rolled back in his head even as he twitched as if in a fit. The beast looked at me and I saw streaks of pink th unruly the mud, the whites of its eyes. booster me, it said. Help me get him to shelter.I stepped forth and wiped the mud away from the things face. It was a man, covered with mud so bass it even ran out of his mouth and coated his teeth, but a man just the same, vines or rags, I couldnt tell which, trailed off his arms. Help poor tomcat begin him out of the cold, said he.I cover my dagger, retrieved the old mans cape, and helped the muddy, naked bloke carry King Lear into the wood.It was a tiny cabin, barely enough get on to stand in, but the fire was warm and the old woman stirred a pot that smelled of stewing meat and onions, like breath of the Muses it was, on this dank night. Lear stirred, now hours since we brought him in from the r ain. The king reclined on a pallet of straw and skins. His fur cloak still steamed by the fire.Am I dead? asked the old man.Nay, nuncle, but ye were close enough to lick deaths salty taint, said I.Back, foul fiend said the naked fellow, waving at the very air before his eyes. I had helped him wash away more than of the mud, so now he was merely filthy and mad, but no longer misshapen.Oh, poor Tom is cold So cold.Aye, we can tell that, said I. Unless youre just a crashingly large bloke what was innate(p) with a willie the size of a raisin.The fiend makes Tom eat the swimming frog, the tadpole, lizards, and ditch-water I eat appal dung for salads and swallow rats and bits of dead dogs. I drink pond scum, and in every village I am beaten and thrown into stocks. Away, fiend Leave poor, cold Tom aloneBlimey, said I. The loonies are in fully bloom tonight.I offered him some stewed mutton, said the old woman by the fire, without turning, but no, he had to have his frogs and cow pies. R ight fussy eater for a naked nutter.Pocket, said Lear, clawing at my arm. Who is that large, naked chap?He calls himself Tom, nuncle. Says hes pursued by the displease.He must have daughters. lift up here, Tom, did you give all to your daughters? Is that what drove you mad and poor even until you are naked?Tom crawled across the floor until he was at Lears side.I was a vain and selfish servant, said the nutter. I slept with my schoolmarm every night and woke thinking of putting it to her again in the morning. I drank and caroused and made merry, even piece my half brother fought a crusade for a Church for which he held no faith. I took all without thought for those who had nothing. Now I have nothing not a stitch, not a crumb, not a coin, and the devil dogs me to the ends of the earth for my selfishness.You see, said Lear, only a mans cruel daughters could drive him to such a state.He didnt say that, you daft geezer. He said he was a selfish libertine and the devil took his kit .The old woman turned now. Aye, the fools right. The younger nutter has no daughters, tis his own unkindness that curses him. She crossed the cabin with two steaming bowls of stew and set them before us on the floor. And its your own evil hounds you, Lear, not your daughters.The old woman, Id seen her before. She was one of the crones from the Great Birnam Wood. Different togs and somewhat less green, but this was for certain Rosemary, the cat-toed witch.Lear slid to the floor and grabbed poor Toms hand. I have been selfish. I have thought nothing of the weight of my deeds. My own father I imprisoned in the temple at Bath because he was a leper, and afterwards had him killed. My own brother I did murder when I suspected him of bedding my queen. No trial, not even the honor of a challenge. I had him murdered in his sleep without proof. And my queen is dead, too, for my jealousy. My kingdom is the fruit of cheat, and treachery have I reaped. I do not deserve to even wear clothes on my back. You are true, Tom, that you have nothing. I, too, shall have nothing, as is my just rewardThe old man began to tear off his clothes, ripping at the collar of his shirt, tearing more of his parchment-like skin than the linen. I stayed his hand, held his wrists and tried to catch his eye with my own, to pull him back from madness.Oh, I have wronged my sweet Cordelia the old man wailed. The only one who love me and I have wronged her My one true daughter Gods, tear these clothes from my back, tear the meat from my grind awayThen I felt claws clamp on my own wrists and I was pulled away from Lear as if I had been drawn by heavy iron shackles. Let him suffer, hissed the witch in my ear.But I have made this pain, said I.Lears pain is of his own making, fool, she said. With that I felt the room spinning and I heard the voice of the girl ghost telling me to sleep. Sleep, sweet Pocket.Whos the muddy naked bloke snoodleg the kings noggin? asked Kent.I awoke to see the old knight st anding in the doorway with the Earl of Gloucester. The storm still raged outside, but by firelight I could see the naked nutter Tom OBedlam had wrapped himself around Lear and was kissing the kings brazen-faced head as if blessing a newborn babe.Oh majesty, said Gloucester, cant you find better company than this? Who is this rough beast?He is a philosopher, said Lear. I will talk with him.Poor Tom OBedlam, is he, said Tom. Eater of tadpoles, cursed and damned by demons.Kent looked to me and I shrugged. Both mad as cat herds, said I. I looked around for the old woman as a witness, but she was gone.Well, snap to, majesty, I bring news from France, said Kent.Hollandaise sauce, excellent on eggs? I inquired.No, said Kent. More urgent.Wine and cease complement one another nicely? I further queried.No, you rasp-tongued rascal, France has landed an army at Dover, and theres statement theyve forces hidden in other cities around the British coast, ready to strike.Oh, well, that does trump the wine and cheese news, then, doesnt it?Gloucester was attempt to pry Tom off King Lear, but having a hard time doing so period keeping mud off his cloak. Ive sent word to the French camp at Dover that Lear is here, said Gloucester. Ive made the case to the kings daughters to let me bring him in from the storm, but they will not relent. Even in my own home my power has been usurped by the Duke of Cornwall. Regan and Cornwall have taken command of Lears knights, and with them, my castle.We come to bring you to a shack at the city wall, said Kent. When the storm breaks, Gloucester will send a cart to take Lear to the French camp at Dover.No, said Lear. Let me talk to my philosopher friend in private. He pawed at mad Tom. He knows much of how life should be lived. Tell me, friend, why is there thunder?Kent turned to Gloucester and shrugged. Hes not in his right mind.Who can blame him? said Gloucester. After what his daughters have done his very flesh rising up against him. I had a beloved son who conspired to murder me, and just the thought of that nearly drove me mad.Do you nobles have any reaction to hardship besides going bloody barking and running off to eat dirt? said I. Hitch up your bollocks and get on with it, would you? Caius, what of Drool?I left him hidden in the laundry, but Edmund will find him when his mind turns full to the task. Right now he is distracted by trying to avoid the sisters and conspiring with Cornwall.My son, Edmund, he is still true, said Gloucester.Yes, right, milord, said I. And mind you dont trip on the honeysuckle sprouting from his bum when you next see him. Do you have means to get me into the castle without Edmund knowing Im there?I suppose. But I take no commands from you, fool. You are but a slave, and an impudent one at that.Youre still angry over my jesting about your dead wife, arent you?Do the fools will boomed Lear. His word is as mine.A slight strain then would have knocked me off my feet, so shocked was I. Oh, there was still madness glowing in the old mans eyes, but so was the fire of his authority. A feeble, babbling wretch one moment, the next a dragon deep inside the old man barked fire.Yes, your majesty, said Gloucester.Hes a good lad, said Kent, by way of easing the bite of Lears command.Nuncle, bring your naked madman and let us go with Gloucester, to this hovel by the city wall. Ill retrieve my nitwit apprentice from the castle and off well be to meet up with the bloody frog King Jeff at Dover.Kent rubbed my shoulder. A sword in support then?No, thank you, said I. You stay with the old man, get him to Dover. I pulled Kent over by the fire and bade him persuade down so I could whisper in his ear. Did you know that Lear murdered his brother?The old knights eyes went wide, then narrowed as if he were in pain. He gave the order.Oh, Kent. Thou loyal old fool.

Procurement process in small or Micro Enterprises. Essay

1. IntroductionThis assignment entails the information of procurement processes and the comparison of triplet different organizations that we take up elect the Minimart, Online hook and deary item industries. Although they atomic number 18 all micro organisations and retailers in the supply chain, they encompass psyche requirements and selection criteria of their procurement processes.In this assignment, we forget separate what are the similarities and differences in their procural-to- be process, their What if risk f get alongors and the moderateness blast in overcoming the risks.2. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ORGANISATIONSThe three micro organisations selected are namely the Mini-mart, Online Apparel Shop and the pet Shop. Firstly, the mini-mart act as a convenient store located around housing estates. It takes advantage of the proximity and locality and targets the morning rush hour crowd such as the students and working adults. The mini-mart offers products like tinned foo d, drinks,tidbits, newspapers, ready-to-go foods like packed rice, finger food and desserts.As the mini-mart deals with in high spiritsly perish up to(p) goods, the procurement procedure testament be special to the industry, as they produce limited shelf lives. Next, a recent trend in the fashion industry is the online stag. The online shop sells apparels and accessories that the owner obtain from around the world leeching on people discounts.The online shop targets female consumers that enjoy the convenience of online shopping. Lastly, the coddle shop sells pets and their related items such as cages, food and treats, education kits and toys. The main consumers depart be the people who are looking for pets and existing pet owners who will exigency to purchase the pets necessities frequently.3. POSITION OF ORGANISATIONS AND TWO MAJOR PRODUCTS IDENTIFIED All three organisations act as retailers where consumers purchase products from them work outly. They directly import t he products themselves from overseas or purchase from local wholesalers who import them in bulk. The focus for these three micro organisations chosen in their procurement process will be on the strategies that they make delinquent to the limited space operating in Singapore.In addition, the mini-mart and pet shop have limited shelf life for or so of the products that they carry. The two major products we identified for minimart are the newspapers and the ready-packed food. As mentioned, the consumers are mainly working adults and students that patronize during rush hour. Items like local newspapers and ready-packed food are in high demand. The shelf life of these products are short, thus once unsold will deem the newspaper disused and food stale. Next, the two major products for the online shop are clothing and accessories.The online shop needs to bring in new apparels constantly. They need to catch up with the growing demands and changing taste of the nodes. A factor that contr ibutes to these is the seasonal fashion that changes every era. Thus, seasonal demand should be included into bespeaking for inventories as this would keep the go with agonistic.Finally, pet item consumers would mainly look forward to daily requirement such as pet drive outned foods and grooming products. They are two major products that petshop need to constantly keep them in fit amount of take stock required when they furbish up the sale rates. As mentioned earlier, they are imported overseas.4. PROCURE TO deliver PROCESS COMPARISONAppendix AThe three organisations that we have chose have all followed this Procure to Pay process, however they have their differences in determining these processes. For forecasting, the online shop and the pet shop has less frequent direct of forecasting their requirements payable to its irregularity sales of goods which depends on seasonal demand. However, the mini-mart actually requires daily forecasting and is more(prenominal) volati le in their forecast. The shopkeeper take into considerations like public and school holidays originally he actually consider how much to procure for the day worth of food and newspapers to sell.For example, during weekends in the morning, crowds tend to be lesser and thus, lower in demand. For the clarification/requisition and supplier selection process, the online shop had through with(p) their clarifications virtually with online e-mails and phone calls as most of their suppliers are all overseas. The mini-mart and the pet shop actually do suit-to-face contact up with suppliers to look at the real products, whether they can match their requirements before confirming the set and pitch. The approval and contract process is quite similar for both the mini-mart and the pet shop as it is done locally.After identifying a supplier, they will send purchase order according to demand. The online shop process is fairly different as the suppliers are mainly from overseas. Once the proprietor has identified their supplier, she will travel to the soil to visit the supplier to determine the products case, and to establish a rapport with the supplier before giving the approval. After discussing with these three organisations, we have discovered that legal injury is one of the key factors on how these three organisations measures the performance of their suppliers.They will not want to see a sudden increase of their cost of products. However, there is a difference in their selection criteria. The mini-mart factors in the timeliness of goods, the petshop factors in the brand of products that consumers prefer, and the online shop focuses in the design, quality and bulk purchase discounts.5. SUPPLIER IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTIONThe similarity in requirement for selecting suppliers is the well-timed bringing. All three organisations, especially the mini-mart requires punctual delivery of newspapers and ready-packed food daily. They rely on the suppliers punctual ity to stock up right inventories to make items available at the right time and adjust for consumers. With the Fedex Strategic sourcing process (Annex B), we are able to show their differences in identification and selection of suppliers.MinimartOnline shopPet ShopProfile the Sourcing Group Requires volatile changes of good supplies depending on the daily requirement. Thus, while setting the profile, the owner will prioritise familiarity and reliability with the supplier. Requires volume discount. Timely delivery affects forecast for seasonal demands and thus, will affect their sales. Requires volumes discounts for pets related item. Requires credibility and reputation of the supplier.Select Sourcing Strategy Has no bargaining military group over the products from the underway suppliers. Have little alternatives over suppliers as suppliers are niche and limited. Has bargaining power when ordering goods in bulk. An alternative way when current supplier is unable to meet the ne eds, online shop owners in Singapore can go for overseas hunts to look for direct suppliers instead of normal wholesalers in Singapore. For example, Bangkok is one of neighbouring countries who is the direct supplier for apparels sold locally. Has bargaining power due to bulk purchase ability and due to the gravid supplier base, it is easy to find alternative sources that can provide similar/better services. Generate provider Portfolio Has only one source for getting the newspapers due to the limited publisher in Singapore. However, for the food supplies, the owner will look intothe value added services such as packaging of the food items. This helps to save the time of re-packaging and selling to the customers. Every piece of apparel is packed neatly in packaging and owners do not have to re-package themselves again. They are also delivered to owners doorstep from overseas. This adds value to the suppliers service. Selects and identify suppliers with no value added capabilities . However, main selection criteria are bulk discount and price.Select implementation lane Very little adjustment to be done on the sourcing due to the basic business model. numerous online shops sells similar items so they look for suppliers who can provide self-manufacture services and also bulk discounts. For example, suppliers follow designs as given from online shops purchase order. Increase bulk discount criteria to shrink the list pendent supplier. Major product like transcribed foods can be stored longer, thus, storage will not get as a problem. Negotiate and select suppliers Due to the only existing publisher in Singapore, negotiating power is very limited. However, for the food supplies, reduction of price and efficiency is viable with increase in order quantity. unspiritual on shortlisted suppliers, they will look into the one who can compromise the most and satisfy their requirements. With the sourcing dodging established, they will try to bargain for more bulk discount with the suppliers. Operationalize supplier integration Link their suppliers as a part of their operating process as timeliness is an issue for sales of goods for the mini-mart. Long-term collaboration ensures quality and efficiency when there is mutual trust. Will establish relationship with the supplier and also promise truth if the supplier maintains their quality service and discounts. However, they do not link the suppliers to their key processes. Benchmark the supply mart Mini-marts tend to prioritise in bulk discounts and timely delivery in selection of suppliers. By compare selected suppliers, they will narrowdown the suppliers who can provide the most efficient services and bulk discounts. Does market comparison with another(prenominal) pet shops and also suppliers. They look out for cheaper suppliers and latest pet products.6. STRESS interrogatory AND RISKS MITIGATION APPROACHES6.1 Four categories of risks identified in each organization A) Minimartprovi der-RelatedCustomer-RelatedRisk Mitigation ApproachDisruptions supplier who delivers ready-to-go food abruptly stops their supply. Excess gunstock due to forecast error, seasonal demand, wastage in food. draw back potential consumers who prefer food produce by original supplier. Sudden increase or come down in demand. Acquire startle source of supplier. Proper forecast to keep the right inventory aim required. Delays Traffic jam delays the delivery of morning orders. supplier delivers to wrong address. Miss and disappoints the morning crowds. Delay in displaying all the ready-food to sell. Increase responsiveness of supplier. Look for wholesaler who can supply last minute.Procurement Supplier is forced to increase the price of raw materials. Increase in Transport costs. Force to increase price due the spike of cost of goods or transport cost. Having a unembellished pool of suppliers to benchmark. placements Suppliers order tracking trunk exhibits down.-Suppliers food processing machine breakdown Telephone line break down and customers cannot order via phone. Increase tractability in other means of contact.For example, e-mails, mobile phones, telecommunicating for urgent orders. leap source of supplier.For the Minimart, we have identified two key mitigation strategies to acquire alternate/redundant source of suppliers and increase responsiveness. Acquiring redundant suppliers helps to reduce disruptions, procurement and inventory risk. However, as we discuss further, the mini-mart might face the risk that alternate supplier capacity might not be sufficient to meet their needs. This will in turn, pose as a risk to their inventory. To reduce the risk of delay, we have proposed to increase the responsiveness of the supplier due to short life cycle of food products. It also helps to reduce both forecast and inventory risk.B) Online shopsSupplier-RelatedCustomer- RelatedRisk Mitigation ApproachDisruptions Natural disasters like haze, tsunami happe n and cause consignment delay. Sudden shortage production of cotton fabric and raw material for making apparels. Excess inventory due to wrong stock count. Demand increases. Increase in prices when demand is high and low in productivity. Have alternate redundant source of suppliers to rely on. Increasing inventory level. Better forecast inventory due to seasonal demands.Delays Stock delays that resulted from shortage of burning(prenominal) raw material e.g. fabric etc. statistical distribution takes longer when delay from shipping companies. Customer order fulfillment gets delayed Stocking up more foreseeable and lower cost product. Look for direct alternate suppliers overseas, shortens waiting time for shipping and save cost. Procurement Increase in production costs from supplier due to shortage in raw materials or labors. Shipping costs increases that was incurred from back breaker companies. Need to increase selling price while unable to reduce waiting time required, or eve n higher waiting forecast. Customer orders gets mixed up and resulted in poor customer service. Acquire redundant suppliers for benchmark. Increasing responsiveness sexual climax to meet customer demand.Systems System breakdown at overseas supplier side. Online shopping weavesite breakdown locally and technical repair takes some time Website gets infected and not able to receive customers order. Increase inventory level to mitigate supplier system risk. Increase in flexibility of point of contact.For Online shop, the main focus was to get supplies ready when needed. Having alternate suppliers is necessary when there is delay or parture in the potential supplier. Accurate forecast is important when consumer demand is different every season. Leftover items from excess inventory could have difficulty in skirmish buyers and cause wastage.C) Pet ShopSupplier-RelatedCustomer- RelatedRisk Mitigation ApproachDisruptions Local supplier has halt supplying a hot selling product. Health production examined a major pet put up food product contains chemical that is not suitable for consumption. Consumers forced to go for other alternative supplies. Retailers forced to absorb losses for existing inventories. Increase in inventory. Have redundant suppliers.Delays Supplier delay delivery of promotional item by a day. Supplier deliver wrong type of items and causesre-delivery delays. Inadequate supplies to meet expected demand. Severe shortage on particular items affected. Increase in inventory level.Procurement Supplier refuses the bulk discount of a certain product due to drop in buying volume. Supplier increase in price when production cannot catch up with demand. Forced to increase price due to lesser sales of a product. Consumer still enjoys usual selling rates due to competitiveness at retailer side. Having redundant supplier so that they can benchmark their suppliers to get the best competitive price. Systems E-order system broke down. Overseas supplier lose track of all orders due to system breakdown Online web page is down and customers are not able to get information and order online. Increase flexibility in having other source of communication like telephone or backup copy of customers orders.As for the pet shop, we concluded that to gain competitiveness in pricing, they require the suppliers to issue bulk discount. Thus, they will have a few redundant suppliers to allow them to manipulate the prices between the suppliers, giving them a lower price. In doing so, it also mitigates on problems like disruption and delays as if any of the suppliers will fail on such a secondary will take the job mitigating these issues. We must understand that when they operate on any supplier, they will stock in more than enough stock setting buffer and leeching on the bulk discount.6.2 Risks MitigationFor the above different categories of risk, there are a few similar mitigation strategies for each risk for the three organizations studied. For the risk of disruption, the key strategy for the organizations is to acquire alternative/redundant suppliers. This strategy will help to mitigate the risk of sudden stoppage of supplies. Also, it helps to reduce the procurement and delay risk.However, we have also concluded that as these organisations are retailers, which are subjected to the supplier capacity toprovide the inventory needed. As such, if disruption from supplier were to happen, the organisations might face inventory risk. Coming to risk of delay, the pet shop and online shop are able to eliminate this risk by increasing inventory level as canned food and clothes can be stored. This will also help to lower disruptions and procurement risks to the organisation.However, for the mini-mart, the approach is different due to the short life cycle of food products and the timely delivery requirement due to daily demand. As such, it requires an increase in the responsiveness of the suppliers to ensure quality of products. For risk of procurement, we are able to conclude that all three organisations require having redundant suppliers. Mostly, for these organisations faces risk in an increase of the cost of goods and transportation cost.As such, they require different suppliers so that they are able to benchmark their suppliers against others to get an overall competitive edge in cost saving. Lastly, for the risk of system, the organisations are facing mostly on issues like purchasing system breakdown or the organization system failure. Thus, they need to increase their flexibility in having other source of communication like telephone, mobile phones or backup copy of their own orders.7. CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, the above analysis on the three organisations helps us better understand the procurement process and the magnificence of considering such processes when it comes to reducing costs, risks and selection of suppliers. It is also concluded that all the three organisations rely in a way or another procurem ent strategies to ensure normal business function in answer targeted consumer demands, making them available in the right time, right place and location.In addition, the suppliers and the three organisations relationship in the existing market play an important role in terms that affects the delivery to end consumers. Also, we have concluded that for micro organisations, the three most important mitigation strategies is in having redundant suppliers, and keeping and forecasting the right inventory level and having flexibility in their organisations. This will help in the organisations smooth operating process.8. Reference1. Chopra, S., Shodhi, M.S. (2004). Managing Risks to avoid Supply-Chain Breakdown MIT Sloan Management Review, 46, 1.2. Monczka, R., Trent, R., and Handfield, R. (2005). Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, Thomson-South-Western, troika/Fourth Edition3. Interview Junction 168 Minimart Mr. Tan, C.T. (2013) Understanding the Organisation and its Procurement pr ocesses.4. Interview Kwong Fatt Pet rivet Mr. Wong, K.F. (2013) Understanding the Organisation and its Procurement processes.