Communicating with multimedia Essay

Audience (who is it aimed at? Age? Gender? Profession? Etc) This website is aimed at teenagers between the ages of 13-19 and young women between the ages of 20-30 years of age. This website is aimed at ladies between the ages of 14-30 years of age. Purpose (what message are they trying to put across to the audience?) The purpose of their website is to attract both teenagers and young women to buy their latest trends at very keen prices. The purpose of their website is to make the target audience aware of their location, where you are able to get more information about the store and about what they have to offer. What media components are used (e.g. text, pictures, sound, and video?) This website uses text to explain what new look is about and pictures to show users what latest trends are available in their stores. This website uses the media components of text where they make the audience aware of where to find them and what they are all about. Intended impact on audience e.g. to inform, to shock to amuse? Their intended impact on their target audience through the website is to inform their users what they specialise in, the fact that new look is a nationwide company and that their latest trends is available at unbelievable prices. Their intended impact on the target audience is to inform their users of their store locations in different places, their card and certain career options which are available in their store. Tactics used e.g. use of stereotype images to appeal to certain age groups The tactics which New Look uses is that they have more pictures on what they have to offer which attracts the users to what they have in terms of latest trends. Krisp doesn’t really use that many tactics, but only uses text to explain to the target user where the store is and what it has to offer. Is there enough information given? Is it too much or too little or just right? The information which is available on their website is just enough informing their users of basic facts about their stores in the UK. There is very little information about what the store has to offer to the user in terms of fashionable trends and the prices which they are at. Is there enough time to take in the message or is there too much or too little time? E.g. is the speed of the video, slideshow etc too, fast or too slow There is plenty of time for the user to take in the information because once you click on a hyperlink which you wish to go to the in formation stays there so it doesn’t appear or disappear so the users have enough time to take the information in. There is a lot of time for the target user to take in the message in which the website is trying to put across although there is a lot of information to take in. Therefore I would say that the time for the users to take in this message is just about enough. User Interaction. How easy is it for the user to choose where they want to go i.e. from one section to another? It is very easy for the users to be able to interact with their website because they have hyperlinks which inform the users of where they wish to go in the website. It is very easy for the user to link from one page to another, so there are able to find out about the different sections by clicking the big hyperlinks provided by the side of the website. Appearance of the screen. What sorts of backgrounds are used? What colours are used? Is there too much text or too many graphics? How could the layout be improved? The colours which are used for the background of their website are black, pink and white; there is not a lot of text but many more graphics. I think that they should have bolder colours for their website in order to attract more of their target audience and use up a little more space for text instead of leaving wide spaces. The colours in which the website uses for the background is a combination of turquoise, white and blue, I would suggest bolder colours to the background of the website to keep the users interested, also I would suggest a lot more graphics and pictures to inform the target audience of the latest fashion they have in stock and what they look like. Are there any user instructions in the presentation? Do they work well? Could they be made clearer? There are no specific user instructions for the user therefore the user is free to use the website in the way they would wish to use it. There are no user instructions as to how they are able to interact with the website, because they are able to do this freely, as they would wish to interact with the website. Do you think the presentation is effective i.e. does it put its message across clearly and in a way that the viewer will remember? Explain why. I think that the presentation is effective in putting their message across because their target audience seem to keep going back because of their latest trends and in terms of what they have to offer their target audience. I don’t think the presentation is that effective, because the message that they put across to the target audience is not clear, it only gives information as to where the stores are locations and how you are able to contact them about finding out more. I think there should be a lot more information about the stores fashion trends and how they are able to get hold of them. Do you think that one of the presentations is more effective than the other? Explain why. (Remember to take into account who the presentation is aimed at.) The presentation which is most effective to their target audience is New Look because they have a lot more pictures and graphics which show the users what they have to offer and all of their latest fashion trends. Whereas the other presentation doesn’t have any graphics or pictures at all, and this isn’t guaranteed to keep the target audience interested in the presentation. Problem Statement. An age group of 14 – 16 years olds are interested in Information Communication Technology and finding out what it all entails. They are particularly interested to know how a computer operates and the different areas which help them to find out more about this. Design Brief. For this project I have been asked to present a multimedia presentation which is targeted at an age group of 14 – 16 year olds. Concerning this certain age group I will present this presentation in an interesting and sensible way in which the appropriate language technique is used. Specification. This multimedia presentation will be aimed at both male and female students aged between 14 – 16 years. The media in which I intend on using includes pictures and text, in order to explain each section of the presentation through written text and diagrams. I also intend to use sound to attract the target audience to this multimedia presentation. Background For the background of the slides, I plan to have the same coloured background for all of the slides produced in order to make it clear the each slide follows on from the previous slide. I also plan on using a coloured background which stands out, so that people are intrigued by the slides and want to know more about each slide. Colour I will use a combination of a few colours in order for the target audience to be attracted to the slides and to keep the users interested in the slides. Pictures I plan to use clipart pictures so that the presentation keeps the intended user interested in the presentation, also so that I am able to show simply how they are useful in the presentation. Sound I intend to include sound on the presentation but not too much so that the intended user doesn’t get distracted by the background sound. I intend to keep it simple on the subject matter of the presentation using the sound for the interaction of the buttons. Interactivity I will use action buttons on the presentation to allow the user to move backwards and forwards throughout the presentation. Evaluation. I have produced a multimedia presentation based on the subject matter of Information Communication Technology. It is aimed at 14-16 year olds, and uses the most suitable media components including text, pictures, diagrams and sound. The multimedia presentation consists of eleven pages which all have one purpose in the presentation. The first slide is the one in which introduces what the subject matter is about, with a clipart picture and a hyperlink to link the target user to where they are able to find out more about I.C.T. The next slide is an introduction slide stating clearly what I.C.T. about, why it is important and how it can be of usefulness to people in everyday life. The third slide explains how the structure of a computer operates, and you can understand how this works. The fourth, fifth and sixth slides and about input devices, what they do and how we can get access to them with clipart pictures showing you what they look like. Also the seventh, eighth and ninth slides are about Output devices how they operate what they do and clipart pictures to follow these explanations. The tenth and eleventh slides are about where we can store information and the types of different disks which help us store information on and pictures to follow this also. In this multimedia presentation the target users are also able to navigate the slides by using the action buttons provided at the bottom of the slides to link from on slide to another. There is also background sound on each of the slides to amuse the target audience, and to keep them interested in the multimedia presentation. I think that I could improve this multimedia presentation by changing the colour of the background of each slide to make them stand out. However before deciding on what I may be able to improve I plan on getting feedback from the target audience and testing the presentation on them to see what they think and if necessary make any improvements that need to be made. Questionnaire. 1. Did you enjoy the subject matter of the presentation? Yes No 2. How did the layout of the presentation appealed to users? Good Satisfactory Not good 3. What did you think about the colour of the background of the presentation? Good O.K. No good 4. Did you think the language was appropriate for 14 -16 year olds? Yes No 5. Was there too little information? Yes No 6. Were there enough images in the presentation? Yes No 7. How where the sound effects on the presentation? Loud O.K. Faint 8. Was the presentation easy to navigate? Yes No 9. Do you think that the presentation furthered your knowledge and understanding of the presentation on the whole? Yes No Thank you for your time and patience. Changes made to presentation from feedback. Backup folder of Unit 5: Communicating with Multimedia.

Kant vs. Hegel

Leona Take LARS 3155 10 February 2013 Kant and Hegel Hegel’s concept of the â€Å"Absolute Idea† claims that there is a universal and ideal standard that is continuously being revealed throughout history, in various forms of human expression. The Absolute Idea can be interpreted as God, nature, spirit, or reality. With art, there is no such thing as â€Å"Art for Art’s sake† because art is a manifestation of the unfolding of the Absolute Idea.In Hegel’s Art History, the progression of art is always moving closer to ultimate reality, because spiritual realization is teleological. The Absolute is fully realized when form and content are harmonious and concrete in their depiction of spirit and man. Beauty is dependent upon these things. For Hegel, the classical period is characterized by the depiction of ideal beauty in the perfect human body in ancient Greek sculpture.However, the concreteness of the human body is later seen as limited for not represe nting spirit and imagination in a more abstract form. Therefore, Hegel’s ideal of beauty is ever changing according to Art’s development in history, and his terms. In other words, Hegel calls the shots. In contrast to Hegel, Kant’s philosophy of art was a deliberate attempt to remove personal subjectivity. Like Hegel, Kant did believe there was a universal beauty, or Absolute of something, except Kant did not have any references to measure this by.For Kant, we can only come to know what is really beautiful when one has no agenda, concept, or comparison to measure the object with. From Kant’s perspective, Hegel is attached to all of these things, and therefore he can not really know beauty outside of his own perception. It is an intuitive inner knowing, versus a cognitive knowing. This is significantly different from Hegel’s ideal of beauty, since knowing what is really beautiful can never be answered concretely, but rather intuitively.

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Business plan - Essay Example The gaming room will have approximately fifty computers for the gamers, as well as play stations while they can also have refreshments, although high alcoholic drinks will not be served at the counter. This is because the equipment at the bar is sensitive and drunken gamers could destroy them. In addition, the bar will also provide game discs, consoles, and information at reasonable prices, which, together with the excellent service that will be provided, will be the core point for the bar. The staff at the bar will be expected to be gaming enthusiasts, and they will be trained by professional players in order to offer better service. Game heaven expects to have its own website for promotional activities where clients can interact and set up games. Industry Analysis The idea for starting Game Heaven came from the fact that more and more individuals who want to play the battle arena video games. However, despite the increasing interest in this game, there are no battle arena video gam e and sports bars, around the Birmingham area. Game Heaven is going to have to serve several sectors of the market. In the sports and gaming bar industry, it is important to have a family atmosphere where the gamers feel part of an exclusive group (Rail, 2011: p300). In addition, it will serve several uses, such as watching big games, gaming tournaments, and personal gaming time. The bar also plans to begin offering light food, although the dining areas will be separated from the â€Å"family† by a wall. However, wherever one sits, there will be a big screen TV showing games, whether cricket, football, or rugby, especially since the plan involves having multiple screens in these areas. The business will face regulatory issues, especially with regards to employee wages, liquor licenses for the big matches, local ordinances, building permits, and others that could be of effect to the business (Rail, 2011: p301). Objectives Management at Game Heaven is confident that it has the ability to replicate its success with the plain Sports bar concept into an e-sports bar concept. It has established several objectives: Have at least two stores operational by the end of the second year Sales of approximately ?150,000 in its initial year A net profit margin of 35% Net profit margins of approximately 14% Maintain a tight control on operations, as well as costs, by hiring quality staff, while also making use of automated control Keep beverage costs under 30% Select additional locations on the basis of meeting success parameters Grow the location to a ?1 to ?2 million yearly business. Mission Game Heaven UK will strive to become the premier e-sports themed bar in the Birmingham area. Our goal is to stay ahead of competitors, as well as allowing clients to enjoy their leisure time the best way we can. In addition, the bar will provide more computers and more screens showing more matches than all other sports bars in the Birmingham area. Game Heaven UK provides audio con trol, which is state-of-the-art at all computer and play stations, as well as in TV areas that allow the customer enjoy their gaming and watching experience without background noise interference. Through a combination of atmosphere, quality service, ambiance, and menu selection, to create a valuable and excellent entertainment experience. Keys to Success In order to achieve Game Heaven UK’s goals, the bar will seek to: Give quality service

The Ethics of Genes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Ethics of Genes - Essay Example These could cure certain diseases before they occurred, but might also lead to other problems that would be troublesome in the coming generations.Genes and ethics have always featured dominantly in thinking about healthcare future. The revolution of genetic has the possibility of transforming medicine from an enterprise that gets concerned with the end stage diseases, to that often predicts and prevents diseases. These revolutions also introduce new ethical problems. The discussion of genes and ethics tend to be more common in the medical journals. A couple of years back American and two Britons won Nobel awards for their work on genes. Cambridge’s Sydney Brenner used a nematode model to continue the understanding of the cell division, organ development, and differentiation. Also, John Sulston from Cambridge showed how programmed death of a cell is a part of the normal process of differentiation. Robert Horvitz discovered the genes that control the death of cells.Gene therapy also raises ethical difficulties, and this also affects the buying and selling of organs for transplantation. A number of medical authorities have always found the idea unacceptable fearing for the exploitation of the poor people who are also vulnerable, and at the same time having the belief that the high integrity of the body of the humans should never be a trade subject. Other individuals like the American Medical Association tend to believe that the global shortage of organs implies that the idea should be given a thorough consideration.

International finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

International finance - Essay Example On the other hand, appreciation of the domestic currency refers to increase in exchange rate brought about by forces of the market in the price of domestic currency in terms of a foreign currency. The need for foreign country’s currency in order to buy goods denominated in a foreign currency is reflected by demand for the foreign currency. In most cases, the selling country denominates its goods and services in terms of domestic currency hence importers from other countries will feel the need for the foreign currency in order to conduct the financial transaction. Foreign currency is supplied into the country when foreign currency is sold in order to carry out financial transactions that are denominated in home currency. It is the demand for and supply of a currency which yields an equilibrium position in the foreign exchange market. The equilibrium point being the point where there is an intersection between the upward sloping supply curve and the downward sloping demand curve (Koller, Goedhart and Wessels, 2010). A low value of foreign currency makes the demand for foreign currency on the foreign exchange market to increase whereas the demand for foreign goods increase due to its relatively cheaper price than domestic goods. On the other hand, a high value of foreign currency makes the demand for foreign currency on the foreign exchange market to decrease whereas the demand for foreign goods increase due to its relatively higher price than domestic goods (Needles, Powers and Crosson, 2010). Therefore, the question that arises is the cause of exchange rate revaluation and whether the depreciation or appreciation of an exchange rate can be predicted. This paper will rightly answer this questions by using a thorough discussion on the determination of exchange rate using the flexible price monetary model. The discussion will further explore the ability or inability of the model to explain the observed movements in foreign

Diagnosis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diagnosis - Case Study Example Along with this, there are anorexia and catabolic process of chronic inflammatory process of the disease. All these may combine to cause profound weight loss over a short period of time. 3. Since there is a component of malabsorption, Schilling test may be done to rule out Vit B12 deficiency. Electrolytes to rule out potassium, magnesium, and calcium deficiencies need to be done. Serum albumin would indicate hypoalbuminaemia indicating amino acid malabosrption or protein losing enteropathy. Air-contrast barium enema and CT scan need to be done to better delineate the terminal ileal involvement. Colonoscopic examination with rectal biopsy can yield the histologic nature of the disease. 4. Apart from other general measures like nothing orally, intravenous alimentation, fluid resuscitation, the medical therapy of first choice would have been sulfasalazine. This drug consists of a sulfapyridine moiety chemically bound to 5-aminosalicylate. This undergoes bacterial cleavage, the liberated sulfapyridine is absorbed, and the salicylate component exerts its anti-inflammatory action through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, thus reducing the inflammation. 5. 5. The complications that may arise out of this disease, that is, Crohn's disease are intestinal obstruction; fistula formation with contiguous intestinal lumen or urinary tract; small-bowel or colonic malignancy; bile salt malabsorption leading to increased gall stones; and increased incidence of urinary tract oxalate stones. 6. If there is associated chronic inflammation of the bone marrow, there may be anemia with decrease in the platelet count. The anaemia is variable, so are the red cell indices. Megaloblastic anemia with increased MCV is rare. 7. On the basis of these preliminary tests, the diagnosis would be Crohn's disease. This disease presents in a young adult with variable weight loss, right lower quadrant discomfort or pain, and diarrhoea. The diarrhoea is usually moderate often without gross blood. The patient looked pale due to anaemia, and mouth ulcerations were due to aphthous stomatitis, which is a common accompaniment. The right lower quadrant tenderness is consistent with the mass felt per abdomen that reflected adherent loops of bowel. As expected, the blood picture reflected anaemia and leukocytosis. The final diagnosis is made from the appearance of the distal ileum that showed narrowing and thickening of the intestinal wall. 8. The main risk factor is genetic predisposition to the development of the disease. Whites and Jews have increased incidences, and increased preponderance of disease in monozygotic twins support. Exact genetic linkage yet to be discovered. 9. The other risk factors that may be involved are, immune mechanism suggested by extra-intestinal manifestations, abnormalities of cell-mediated immunity, and psychological factors caused by stress. 10. There is considerable individual variation with respect to drug metabolism, hence effects of the drug. Drug metabolism is related to cytochrome P450 family of genes. In humans, enzymes encoded by P450 genes are located in the liver where they metabolize drugs. Through oxidative metabolism, these enhance water solubility of the drug to enhance its excretion. For drugs that are metabolized in this way, this process affects the blood levels of the compound, so the therapeutic efficacy, and sometimes, this is necessary to

Biography, a Fascinating Instrument of Learning History Introduction Essay

Biography, a Fascinating Instrument of Learning History Introduction - Essay Example Biographies are important due to the imperative role they play in mentoring us. When we read other peoples story, we gain an insight of the challenges they faced and how they managed to succeed. When in a predicament, reading a story of someone who was once faced by the same predicament could encourage you and offer a solution to the problem at hand. People like reading biographies of people in their career to act as a source of motivation. For example, an aspiring author reading the memoir of a great writer gets inspired and aim at writing a more fascinating work. Biographies seek to analyze the events in a person’s life thus by reading them we get to be acquainted with them better and are able to connect. Other people find biographies enticing due to their content, which is predominantly enlightening. It is also through biographies that we gain experience, lessons, as well as tips to a successful future. Biographies lean more on positive achievements thus when we read them w e become enthusiastic to better ourselves. In conclusion, biography is and will always remain one of the most educating, informative and motivating resource. Their comprehensiveness remains one of their supreme aspects of learning history. Rhetoric Techniques Used By Advertisers to Market Products Introduction The television commercial is about a newly invented washing detergent. Featuring are a mischievous pupil, his mother and a neighbour. This essay describes the commercial and analyzes rhetorical techniques applied in the commercial. The commercial starts with the boy on his bed thinking of an incredible tomfoolery to use to avoid attending school the following day. Suddenly, he nods his head, walks to the kitchen cabinet, and comes back tomato paste. He hurriedly opens his wardrobe removes his clean white shirts, smudges them with the paste, and returns them back. Later in the afternoon, his mother comes to find collect the shirts for ironing and is perplexed by the stained shi rts. She rushes out to the neighbour’s house where she supposes the boy could be but instead meets only the neighbour. When she explains her predicament, the neighbour enters into an adjacent room and comes out with a bottle. She explains that inside it, is a detergent that cleans out all the stains, but retains the bright colours. She lends her the detergent to wash the shirts. Early the following morning, the mother comes to wake the boy who smile cunningly and tell the mother he does not have a clean shirt to go to school. The mother removes her hands from the back and she is holding white smartly ironed shirts. He rhetorically asks, â€Å"But mum, how did you clean the hard stains?† the neighbour immediately walks in holding the bottle with the detergent and displaying clearly written name of the detergent. She concludes the advertisement when she says. â€Å"Stains disturbing you? Here comes your ever lasting solution.† The rhetorical techniques include the failure of the boy realizing the mother removed and washed the shirts, the boy unwittingly declares he was behind the mischief. It is also rhetoric when the neighbour walks in suddenly to reveal the detergent. To conclude this essay, rhetoric techniques are very important in television commercials as they make prospective customers yearn to watch the entire advertisement. This thus markets the product more. Poetry Trying to define poetry is like chasing after the air, the moment you imagine you have it in

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 51

Assignment Example The story has it that Israel cabinet voted to grant legal status to some 800 children of migrant workers who have lived in Israel for more than 5 years and can communicate in Hebrew language and have attended school in the state. The writer has also illustrated that the migrant workers have been prohibited from being involved in romantic relationships. Another story in focus by Al Jazeera is the story of injustice in President Obama regime (Al Jazeera, 2010). The USA president who is a former legal practitioner is termed to have no respect for civil liberties. The writer laments that the treatment of Dr. Aafia Siddiqui is symbolic in the minds of Muslims. Her treatment has resulted in the damage of US-Muslim relations as applied to Pakistan than any state department program could undo. Obama is being blamed for delaying justice in this case which is as good as justice denied. Other stories that are making the headlines are the tickets to the gun show in USA whereby anyone interested in purchasing any firearm can get it because guns have been declared legal tender. Also on nuclear energy in Iran, the Arabs are condemning the ambition of the Iranians to be dictated by wisdom and not by emotions and many more other stories are covered under this series. The reflection of the coverage stories of Al Jazeera indicates that the interest lies on the basis of conflict at all levels both locally and

Organizational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Organizational Change - Essay Example This essay discusses the issue of needed organizational change in business field. The researcher states that the often heard clarion call in every organization today is â€Å"Change or change will change you.† It is apparent therefore that an organization that does not heed this call and sticks its head in the sand like the ostrich is bound to die eventually. The researcher thinks that surviving in the present day global economy needs an organization to be flexible in addition to adapting readily to the constantly-changing global marketplace. In addition, the researcher states that there are numerous issues these days that are involved as far as change implementation is concerned. The time span for instance, that is needed in implementing the change is important. Frequently, the project team tasked with the change implementation is not given off their normal duties to execute the change program. Another big factor explained in this essay is cost, with the cost estimates consta ntly changing during the stages of implementation. Change expenditures must be estimated carefully for the change to be approved by the top management as well as tracked throughout the entire change period. It should be noted that the cost of the change must not exceed its advantages. In conclusion, the researcher sums up that a diversified functional team for change implementation brings about a common sense of responsibility cutting across every level of the organization, resulting to effective implementation.

Nietzsches Attitude to Religion Essay Example for Free

Nietzsches Attitude to Religion Essay I carefully read Ms S Ramola Naidu’s Ph. D. dissertation entitled â€Å"Culture, History, Politics: The Representation of Women in the American War Novels of Ernest Hemingway, e. e. cummings, Joseph Heller, Kurt Vonnegut Jr. † submitted at Osmania University, Hyderabad. Divided into four chapters, the dissertation is neatly chalked out with a very informative introduction and a befitting conclusion. All the four novels undertaken for the study dwell upon the image of the American women against the background of the World Wars. Chapter I, â€Å"Fragmentation of Society: The Enormous Room,† shows that women are not the weaker sex but are the pillars that support family and society. Chapter II entitled â€Å"Triumph of Love: A Farewell to Arms† deals with the evil effects of the First World War on society in general and on women in particular. Chapter III, â€Å"Parental Indifference: Mother Night,† focuses on the catastrophe of the Second World War disapproving â€Å"the ultra-modern American woman who sacrifices the basic demands of her family† (page 9, Abstract). The last chapter, â€Å"Bureaucratic Callousness: Catch 22† depicts the chaotic military organizations and the ugliness and brutality of human exploitation. Ms Naidu’s topic has a great relevance to the present political context in the entire world standing on the threshold of another atomic war. It has become our responsibility to avoid war upto the possible limit for the peace, prosperity, and happiness of human beings. Through her study Ms Naidu tries to evince that the holocaust of World Wars has engendered a lot of human miseries problems, the loss of human dignity and ntegrity, eventually reducing man to the status of a tragic figure. She is also sure that women problems cannot be solved through any slogan or being a liberate women or feminist. A woman can achieve her dignity cherishing a firm faith in the sanctity of true love, basic emotions and feelings, sacrifice and moral and social values. Ms Naidu is quite successful in delineating the writers’ vision about a bright future that is not far fetched provided every individual develops a positive attitude towards life. It is good piece of research embodying clarity, critical acumen, and hard industry of the candidate. The thesis is characterized by a refined and chiselled language, though a few syntactical, grammatical, and punctuation errors are also visible here and there. It is a purely thematic study. The candidate has adopted an analytical method; and the representation of women in the American novels of the mentioned writers has been highlighted through the analysis of plots, characters, dialogues, and settings. She is capable enough to display her critical insight, logical coherence, and the skill of the assimilation of material in the corpus of the thesis. It is well-written and fulfils all the requirements of a good dissertation. In view of the above, I am pleased to recommend that Ms Ramaola Naidu deserves the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English of Osmania University, Hyderabd.

Mating and gender of the clownfish

Mating and gender of the clownfish The Clownfish belongs to the family Pomacentridae, with many species, many belonging to the genus Amphiprion while one belongs to the Premnas genus (Godwin 1994 p 556). The fish has many colors which depend on the species. A symbiotic relationship exists between the fish and the sea anemone that offers protection to the fish due to its stinging nature. On the other hand, the fish protects the sea anemone from harm that could be caused by hard undigested particles through feeding on them. The fish spawn on the sea anemone. A fully grown dominant female may grow to a total length of 11/2 feet, while the small adult Clownfish may be as small as 4 inches. The fish thrive in the warm waters of the tropics (Maddern 1990 p 36). They are mainly found in the salty waters of the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. The excretion from the fish is a major source of nourishment for the sea anemone that absorbs the nutrients emanating from fecal matter. More over, the movements of the Clownfish in the wa ter surrounding the sea anemone, especially when fanning the eggs are significant for water circulation, which is significant for the distribution of nutrients for the nourishment of the sea anemone (Drury 2008 p 63). The Clownfish is covered by a mucus coating around its body which as Wittenrich et al. (2007 p 93) observed are derived from sugars, which is one of the factors that prevents the stinging reaction of the sea anemone as the nematocysts are triggered by the presence of protein based substances in the surrounding. The fish dwell in one sea anemone as a group, which means that several sea anemones will host different groups of fish (Godwin 1994 p 561). In other words one sea anemone is the territory of one small group of fish. Clownfish is one of the aquatic organisms whose sex remains a subject of controversy. It is generally known that the fish is capable of switching its sex. This essay is a critique of the Clownfish mating process and gender changes that occur, as well as an exploration of the different species. Gender Changes The ability to switch sex is one of the aspects that make the fish unique especially the fact that this can happen to any adult fish. Kuwamora Nakashima (1998 p 126) observe that during hatching, the fish are usually one sex, i. e, all males. The dominant male that becomes larger than all the rest during adult stage develops in to a female. None other develops in to a female so long as the dominant female is alive. The fish that follows in terms of size becomes the dominant male, while the rest remain small inactive males (Godwin 1994 p 558). These phenomena lead to the questions as to why only one of them develops in to a female and assumes the normal role female fish. Questions also arise as to why the second largest male does not undergo the same process. However, these changes point at dominance as the major determinant of the sex change. The males that remain are usually inactive and remain at the bottom of the hierarchy that is headed by the dominant female followed by the dominant male. Another interesting phenomenon is in case the dominant female dies. The dominant male undergoes a sex reversal and assumes the role of the dominant female, which starts reproducing. The death of the dominant female leads to a rearrangement of the hierarchy since the largest male in the juvenile group develops in to the dominant male and begins mating. Godwin (1994 p 558) observe that the need to fill the gap left by the reproducing female triggers the degeneration of the male organs and the development of the ovaries from the female ovary cells that remain dormant when the fish is male. This is an indication that even if the Clownfish are hatched with the male sex, there are certain dormant ovarian cells that remain standby until when need arises. There seems to be an interconnection between the physiology of the fish and the social aspects of the group. The social gap created by the death of the female is filled by the mating male; leaving another gap whereby there lacks a dominant male, which on the other hand has to be filled by a male from a lower group of males in the hierarchy. Each group of Clownfish inhabiting a particular sea anemone has got its own hierarchy, and they do not mix. This is an indication of the social bond that exists within the groups whose stability is maintained by all members (Kuwamora Nakashima 1998 p 128). It means that if the reproducing female is alive and functional, no other male regardless of the size can develop in to a female. On the other hand, no fish in the lower group can change sex to become the dominant male while one already exists. In a way, one may infer that it is due to loyalty of the lower groups to the dominant male and female that they do not change their sex or grow to a large size to outdo the fish in the upper level of the hierarchy. This is because they have the capacity to become larger and change their sex, but they do not. Maddern (1990 p 36) notes that each fish has to ensure that its body mass remain lower by a quarter of the average weight of the dominant fish, or else it may be ejected out of the grou p. This has enabled the fish to avoid any impending conflicts that may arise between the dominant group and the lower group. However, the initial vigor of development from the larvae stage determines whether the larvae will develop in to one of the dominant fish in the group. The ones that develop at a high rate have a high chance of becoming dominant. The behavior of the fish generates interest to research on the reasons behind the unique behavior. One wonders why the social aspect of the group is largely connected to their physiology. More over, how the fish regulate their size to maintain a lower body mass than the dominant fish is an important issue that needs further research. It is important to understand how they are able to determine the amount of feeds and aggressiveness that helps in the maintenance of a small size, which can only be changed when there arises a vacant position created by the death of one of the dominant fish. In order for the fish to qualify for change of sex, they have to be mature, which Tullock (1998 p 54) argues should be more than one year of age and the environment needs to be favorable for the change of sex. The environment that determines the success of the fish in changing sex is that within the social group. A favorable environment means that there has to be an opportunity for the fish to join t he dominant group. Without the absence of the female, no change of sex can occur. On the other hand, there can be a dominant female but the group may lack a dominant male, necessitating the movement of one of the fish in the lower groups to the dominant group. Maddern (1990 p 33) further notes that even if two male clownfish were put together under controlled conditions, one of them that is more dominant than the other has to become the female, while the other becomes the mating male. On the other hand, Tullock (1998 p 67) further observes that a lone crown fish will develop in to a female if allowed to develop to a full grown fish. One can therefore infer that development in to a female is dependent of other larger and fast growing fish that are likely do dominate the group. However, this applies for the smaller fish since if one small fish is allowed to grow on its own in the absence of other fish; it develops in to a female. This means that all the Clownfish are bound to become females if there are no other fish to compete with for dominance (Kuwamora Nakashima 1998 p 128). Mating amongst the Clownfish Mating in the Clownfish is usually ceremonial, which leads to spawning of eggs and fertilization. The fish engage in courtship prior to spawning. The behavior of the males changes to aggressiveness, which rises as the male approaches the actual mating. Wittenrich et al. (2007 p 95) observes that the male usually turns its aggressiveness towards the substrate beneath the water. On the other hand, the female joins in there after, leaving both sexes charging towards the substrate. This is the period that is regarded as courtship (Wilkerson 2003 p 66). This aggressive behavior continues until the final days prior to mating when it becomes more intense. They even become aggressive towards other fish that come close to the mating area. The courtship, as Godwin (1994 p 551) observe is usually brief and involves certain pretentious behavior of the female to attract the male and vise versa. The sea anemone plays a significant role during mating and spawning of eggs. Both fish take part in the clearance of debris and any other solid particles that may interfere with the eggs. The female later lays the eggs on the selected side of the sea anemone. They usually find the softest substrate that is favorable for the delicate eggs. The fish usually pinch one of the tentacles of the sea anemone, which makes it retract as a reaction to the nip. The tentacle settles at the selected spawning area by the female. Before laying the eggs, the female makes certain that it is the most appropriate area to spawn by making some trials that are simi1ar to laying eggs but not real. The actual laying of eggs usually comes later after ensuring that the environment is favorable. Maddern (1990 p 39) observed that the eggs are usually sticky in nature, and that they can not float on water. They stick on the substrate and the male swims closely behind as the female lays the eggs. After completing spawning of eggs for a period of 2 hours, the male is usually ready to shed the sperms to fertilize them. The fertilized eggs remain stuck on the soft substrate, where both fish offer protection against intruders who might cause harm. With the exhaustion from spawning, the female gets to feeding while the male is left to shield the eggs fr om attack. Hoff (1996 p 86) observes that the male is usually highly aggressive in defending the nest. More over, the male is also involved in aerating the eggs through flapping its fins. It also selects and eats the infected eggs that may not have a chance to survive. Any matter that falls on the eggs is removed by the male. In other words, the male is usually very active through out mating and after the eggs have been laid to the time that the larvae will be hatched. The female can shed up to more than 2000 eggs in one spawning season. However, the number of eggs usually depends on the size of the reproducing female. The larger the female the more the eggs it can produce (Tullock 1998 p 63). This could also be another reason as to why the large males are the ones that change in to dominant females. The mating area is also a determinant of the survival of the eggs and the strength of the fry. Wilkerson (2003 p 68) observes that it is important for the aquaculture of Clown fish to be practiced carefully to avoid mixing the species in one area whereby they are likely to stress each other. Different species are unlikely to survive together since they will constantly fight injuring each other, which is likely to make them unable to lay eggs. In controlled conditions, the presence of a sea anemone makes the environment more like the natural environment, which facilitates spawning. The fish under go the normal process of mating, laying eggs and taking care of them as they would do in the wild. However, this would require an extra task of raising the sea anemone and maintaining it while on the other hand maintaining the fish. It may be a costly venture to undertake in aquaculture. However, it is not mandatory to have the sea anemone for the Clownfish to mate and spawn in controlled conditions. The fish can also spawn in rocks whose ruggedness offers hiding places. However, the same characteristic as in the wild whereby the fish cleans the substrate on the surfaces where the eggs are laid occurs during mating under controlled conditions. Hoff (1996 p 89) observes that the mature and ready to mate Clownfish usually tend to scrub rocks with the mouth as well as fins, in a similar way as the way they clean the substrate to have a clean ground for laying eggs. The eggs get stuck to the eggs where they get fertilized by the male that swims after the female. The fish that are satisfied with the artificial environment, i. e. that which is almost similar to the natural environment are likely to lay more healthy eggs (Wilkerson 2003 p 66). Species of Clownfish There are many fish species of Clownfish which differ mainly in color as well as in many other aspects such as the structure of the fins. For example, the Amphiprion percula is one of the species of Clownfish that has a characteristic extended level band at the central point of its body. The fish is also referred to as the anemone fish, which has a distinct orange color. It also possesses some black marks as well as white strips on the fins. The structure of the dorsal fin is one of the distinguishable characteristics as it possesses 10 spines (Maddern 1990 p 61). The species is known to reproduce through out the year since it inhabits the warmer regions that are favorab3le for breeding. The fish live in groups of 6, including the dormant males. The hierarchy of the group is that of the typical Clownfish, and it exhibits all the other characteristics of the Clownfish such as change of sex. The Amphiprion clarkii is also one of the hardy Clown fishes that are highly resistant to diseases. They come in diverse colors such as yellow, white, grey and brown. These colors are also diverse on the fins and the tail, while it is missing in others. The fish are recommended for aquariums due to their hardiness as they do not need specialized care. Amphiprion ocellaris is also one of the species with distinct characteristics such as black stripes on the fins as well as an elongated dorsal fin (Tullock 1998 p 65). Premnas biaculeatus has a reddish color on their body which tends to be more inclined towards brown in some fish within the species. They have white strips along their spine. These colors are distinct from most of the other fish species. Amphiprion frenatus is a species in which juveniles tend to be dark red and black as they develop in to adults. Amphiprion sandarcinos, Amphiprion perideraion, Amphiprion frenatus and Amphiprion melanopus are also among the many species o f Clownfish that can be differentiated especially through the color of their bodies (Wittenrich et al 2007 p 95). Conclusion Clownfish is one of the hardy fish species that inhabit the warm areas of sea, such as the Indian Ocean as well as the Pacific Ocean. They belong to the genus Amphiprion, and are greatly colored, which makes them good for ornamental aquaculture. In the wild, the fish usually live in groups that demonstrate a hierarchical association. The highest in the hierarchy is usually the reproducing female, which are the dominant and the largest fish in a group. The fish have a rare behavior of changing sex depending on need. The larvae are usually male, but they are capable of developing in to females. Only the dominant and largest male develops in to a female, while the second largest male in the group develops in to the mating males. The only time that there can be a change in the hierarchical structure is when the female is eliminated from the group through death, leading the mating male to become the female and the larger male in the lower level of the hierarchy to become the mating male ( Drury 2008 p 63). The mating of the Clownfish takes place without complications. The sea anemone is highly supportive to the existence of the Clownfish. It offers protection through its poisonous stings to the predators. The Clownfish is not taken as a predator by the sea anemone because of the mucus covering on its body that comprises of sugars. The relationship between the sea anemone and the Clownfish is usually symbiotic, whereby each derives some advantage from the other. There are many species of Clown fish that can be distinguished through their body color as well as the body structure. However, they exhibit a similar behavior (Maddern 1990 p 41).

Economics of Tobacco Sales :: Economics Essays

H1 States with Smoking Bans and Cigarette Sales Each year 440,000 people die, in the United States alone, from the effects of cigarette smoking (American Cancer Society, 2004). As discussed by Scheraga & Calfee (1996) as early as the 1950’s the U.S. government has utilized several methods to curb the incidence of smoking, from fear advertising to published health warnings. Kao & Tremblay (1988) and Tremblay & Tremblay (1995) agreed that these early interventions by the U.S. government were instrumental in the diminution of the national demand for cigarettes in the United States. In more recent years, state governments have joined in the battle against smoking by introducing antismoking regulations. In a research article by Gallet (2004), several aspects of the clean indoor-air laws were closely examined. Set apart from other literature on the same topic, Gallet (2004) proposed that the degree of enforcement of these laws was just as important as the laws themselves. States that maintained the most restrictive clean-air laws encouraged much more competition within the cigarette industry; hence prices were adjusted closer to marginal cost which caused the availability of supply to increase (Gallet, 2004). Conversely, Keeler, Barnett, Manning, & Sung (1996) concluded that the price adjustment closer to marginal demand could be explained as an attempt to compensate for the reduction of demand caused by the antismoking laws. Regardless of the opinions of the papers on this aspect of the clean indoor-air laws, both agreed that state regulations that prohibit or limit smoking in public places decreased the cigarette demand. Extraneous variables, excluding state smoking restrictions, may influence state cigarette sales. State cigarette sales may be influenced by â€Å"bootlegging,† identified as the crossing of state lines to purchase cigarettes in a state that sells cigarettes at a less expensive price (Gallet, 2004; Meier & Licari, 1997). Gallet (2004) identified â€Å"bootlegging† as Nprice, or the minimum neighbor state price ($). As stated previously, Gallet (2004) examined not only states with clean indoor-air laws, Clean1, but also the degree to which these laws were enforced within the individual states, Clean2. The consensus of the reviewed literature, those both including and excluding the extraneous variable, found that the institutions of state smoking bans affect cigarette sales. Discussion The results of this study are consistent with the overall literature’s findings (Gallet, 2004; Meirer & Licari, 1997) that states with smoking bans have a decrease in cigarette sales. However, caution is warranted in the true reliability of the data presented in this study, because of the nature of the data.

Repression in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman

The Yellow Wallpaper: Repression "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Gilman is sad story of the repression that women face in the days of late 1800's as well as being representative of the turmoils that women face today. Gilman writes "The Yellow Wallpaper" from her own personal experiences of having to face the overwhelming fact that this is a male dominated society and sometimes women suffer because of it. The narrator, being female, is suffering from a "temporary depression". She states right from the beginning that "John is a physician, and perhaps--(I would not say it to a living soul, of course, but this is dead paper and a great relief to my mind)-- perhaps that is the one reason I do not get well faster." The narrator sets up the story to convey a certain opinion of the repercussions a woman faces in the care of a man. She obviously loves her husband and trusts him but has some underlying feeling that maybe his prescription of total bed rest is not working for her. The story mentions that she has an older brother who is also a physician and concurs with her husbands theory, thus leaving her no choice but to subject herself to this torment of being totally alone in this room with the yellow wallpaper. She stares at this wallpaper for hours on end and thinks she sees a woman behind the paper. "I didn't realize for a long time what the thing was that showed behind, that dim sub-pattern, but now I am quite sure it is a woman." She becomes obsessed with discovering what is behind that pattern and what it is doing. "I don't want to leave now until I have found it out". The narrator with absolutely nothing else to do is reduced to staring ... ... indeed imprison the woman because you have no way of knowing what has happened before or what is to come. We imprison her more because we make judgments of a thirty second clip that could possibly affect our bias for the movie or the story itself before we have a chance as an individual to read the story or watch the movie. As a female in 1995 reading this story, I had this overwhelming desire to free this narrator from her husband and the rest of the males in her life. She wanted company, activity and stimulation. Which any woman of that time or this time should be freely allowed to have. Gilman did an outstanding job of illustrating the position that women of that time, and to an extent, of this time as well, hold in their society. This story should hold a place in every woman's heart who is struggling to find her place.

Injuries of Snowboarding :: Essays Papers

Injuries of Snowboarding In The Dangers of Snowboarding, told by Taikoh Dohjima the dangers of snowboarding are at high risks and bring many risks to the sport and show that many of the snowboarders have little experience. The high dangers of snowboarders has become more of a problem during the years. Snowboarders attempts for hard maneuvers are of novice snowboarders who don’t have the right equipment. â€Å"The dangers of snowboarding are becoming known, and protectors and releasable bindings are becoming more widely available†(660). The attempts snowboarders make hard maneuvers for the first time are very hard, and are shown by their accidents and injuries that happen. Snowboarders have become very popular since the 1998 Nagano Olympic games. Snowboarders have struggled with many battles with defending themselves towards the skiers. The injuries of skiers and snowboarders are caused by poor training and lack of confidence. The snowboarders are faced with many harsh conditions while learning how to snowboard. â€Å"In the year of 1989 to 1997 a poll was taken of 1500 people and it showed that skiers had more injuries than snowboarders†(657). The snowboarder injuries take place mainly in their upper body. â€Å"The types of snowboarding injuries included fractures, lacerations, dislocations, and contusions†(657). This occurs because Snowboarders have to stop themselves with their arms and upper chest area. The experts observed, â€Å"snowboarders tend to ride down the slope in a regular style (with the left side in front), so they tend to fall on their left shoulder†(659). The conditions are extremely harmful and da ngerous for the body, which also attributes to the problem. The data that has been collected is very credible for snowboarders and skiers such as â€Å"the poll/questionnaire where the patients name, age, sex, location, and slope grade, snow condition, experience and the mode of injury†(Taikoh 657-658). The majority of accidents that happen on the slopes are from novice skiers and snowboarders. The lack of experience the snowboarders show poor training. The accidents on the slopes are caused during the beginning trial of starting to learn how to snow board or ski down mountains. Snowboarding has become a very popular sport throughout the years, many skiers are moving towards snowboarding because it’s different and it becomes a challenge.

Information Technology’s Effect on Society

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Information Technology’s Effect on Society * Tanya Cavaleri * English Compostion II * EN 130. 1. 1 Sitting at the park on a nice beautiful day, you’re reading your friends post on Facebook from your IPhone. At home getting ready to type up a research paper and you realize you still need one last piece of information where do you go? Google and conduct a search. Your teenager just came to you crying because she was accused of sending pictures via text to her boyfriend and now it’s all over Twitter and Facebook that she is a slut.Information technology’s effect on society comes with good and bad effects on people everywhere every day. We have come so far since internet has gone public in early 1990’s (Howe, 2012), but at what cost to our society? According to Merriam-Webster dictionary (2011) information technology is the technology involving the development, maintenance, and use of computer systems, software, and network s for the processing and distribution of data. The use of computers and other devices have allowed us to use social medias like Facebook to find and stay in contact with our family and friends.The World Wide Web has all the information we may need at our finger tips. No more waiting on snail mail to deliver mail when we can send an email and have it delivered instantly to the recipient. Information technology is even enabled us to be able to work from home more efficiently. With the click of our mouse or the swipe of our finger we’re able to send off packages and track the delivers without ever changing out of our pajamas. Paying bills and managing budgets having never been easier.But at what cost is all this information technology bringing? Our society is so desensitized that we don’t seem to care what all this â€Å"awesome† technology is doing to our world. For example our teenagers are faced with both bullying at school and online. Having to face their peers daily and fear the rumors that could spread over one remark or wrong picture on Facebook, Twitter or text message is difficult for many of them. So is social media a good thing? Maybe, but it needs to be monitored more.Google (â€Å"Google,† 2012) the word Hacker and there is about 246,000,000 results. Like â€Å"how to become a hacker† or â€Å"how hackers work†. Information technology can open society up to be very vulnerable. Like leaving the back door unlocked for anyone to walk through if we’re not careful. Siciliano (2012) writes according to the Javelin Strategy & Research, in 2011 identity fraud increased by 13 percent. More than 11. 6 million adults became a victim of identity fraud in the United States.Online banking, bill pay, shopping online are all conveniences we have grown accustomed to over the last 18 years but we need to protect our private information. Sometime information technology can fall in the wrong hands and cause havoc for thou sands of people. Just one of many examples is in 2006 the U. S. government warned that a database containing sensitive information about veterans and their families had been stolen, after an employee violated policy and brought the data home (Lemos, 2006).So yes information technology is a much needed asset in today society. Providing helpful guided searches, helping to connect with family that are thousands of miles away, paying bills quickly and sending messages lighting fast. But in the wrong hands in can be more destructive then a hurricane, leaving heartache and pain with every stroke of the finger. Davidson, J. (n. d. ). Ezinearticles. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles. com/? Online-Banking—History-Still-in-the-Making? &a

Nutrition Final Exam Study Guide Essay

Understanding Disease Risk Factors Describe the differences between a chronic disease and infectious disease. What leading causes of death are nutrition-related? A) heart diseases, cancers, strokes, diabetes Describe the concept of a risk factor. A) Factors known to be related to diseases, but have not yet proven to be a cause. We say that a certain factor puts us at increased risk for a disease, but does not cause it. How does one use risk factors? Review the basics of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Be ready to identify the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (especially diet-related risk factors!) A) High LDL blood cholesterol, low HDL blood cholesterol, high blood pressure (hypertension), diabetes, obesity (central obesity), physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, diet: high saturated or trans fats, low veggies, low fruits, low whole grains Describe the dietary strategies to reduce risk of CVD through diet. A) Decrease saturated and trans fat, increase soluble fiber intake, increase fruits and veggies, increase whole grains/ decrease refined grains, increase fish intake (2 servings/week) What is the TLC diet and what does it entail? A) TLC = Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes. From the NIH, designed to help decrease cholesterol through diet and lifestyle changes: the same changes we saw in table 11.6, also recommends 2 grams per day of plant sterols What do plant sterols have to do with high blood cholesterol? A) Plant sterols – the plant form of cholesterol. Slightly chemically different, prevent us from absorbing cholesterol in the intestines, currently only recommended for those with high cholesterol Weight Management What is meant by the concept of ‘energy balance’? A) Intake = output ïÆ'   weight maintenance Intake < output ïÆ'   weight loss Intake > output ïÆ'   weight gain What is the significance of BMI? See chart on page 3 of (Module 10 Part 1) What is the risk of being overweight or obese? What are the ranges of BMI? (Know the numbers. What is healthy? Underweight? Overweight?) A) Underweight < 18.5 Normal = 18.5 – 24.9 Overweight = 25 – 29.9 Obese (class I) = 30 – 34.9 Obese (class II) = 35 – 39.9 Extremely obese (class III) > 40 What are the alternatives to BMI for predicting health status? A) Men 12-20% ‘normal’, 5-10% for athletes, >22% & 35% &

Play a View from the Bridge Essay

This play a View from the Bridge raises many complex issues. Like the fact, that Beatrice’s cousins maybe found out by the immigration services and the fact that Eddie is overprotective over Catharine but Beatrice wants her to grow up. In addition, the way Eddie objects to Rodolpho’s appearance and manner. The biggest problem Beatrice has is that there seems to be no romance in there sex life no more. She feels that there is no sex life.  It becomes clear from the very beginning that Eddie has worries about his wife’s visitors from Italy. He fears that Catharine maybe putting her self out too much for her guests which maybe be a little true. The reader can tell he has these concerns when eddies says â€Å"Beatrice, all I’m worried about is you got such a heart that I’ll end up on the floor with you and they’ll be in our bed† Act One Pg 8  This statement shows that he is not just worried about his own well being he also worried that his wife maybe to kind to notice when people are taken advantage of her.  Beside that, he is worried about his reputation in his local community. He wishes to be seen as a local hero around his community, but I think as soon as he realized that his new guests maybe a threat to reputation for two reasons. The first being that Rudolph is courting Catharine and Eddie feels that inappropriate because in courting Catharine, Rudolph is drawing the wrong kind of attention to himself. This worries Eddie that the immigration may find them out and arrest him. Therefore loosing his reputation as the rock in the community. The other worry on eddies mind is that Catharine is growing up to fast and is very overprotective over her. In everything, she does, he is always protesting and making things difficult an example of this is when he asked her why she was all dressed up and where she is going. In addition, he shows his overprotective nature when Rodolpho decides that he has sexual feelings towards Catharine. He was doing everything in his power to prevent there wedding or there progression of there relationship. He made arguments. For example in act one tried to teach Rodolpho how to box just to pick a fight with him. He even went to extremes and kissed him to prove that Rodolpho was gay. As if that was not enough he also kissed Catharine, which showed his love and caring nature towards her, but it may also show that he may have more sexual feelings than a parental love for her.  Eddie is a very old-fashioned man he believes that men should dress and act in a certain manner. To Eddie Rodolpho does not act in that manner. Eddie has his own theory that Rudolph is a homosexual. Tries to prove his theory many times. Every time failing to prove his point. Much to his embarrassment in the end, it provoked him to try to stab Rudolph and Marco. The biggest problem is that the romance between Beatrice and Eddie do not have that much romance in there life. In the beginning of the play there is barley any romance between the two by the end the pair have no love for each other at all. The main wedge between them is Catharine. She has become a wedge between them because Eddie through out the play developing feelings for Catharine romantic and otherwise. Making Eddie grow ever more distant from Beatrice. This probably made Beatrice feel unwanted and a little bit jealous. She had hostile feeling toward Eddie when the hostile feeling should be towards Catharine. The only thing she had to say to Catharine is that she has to grow up. Whereas when she confronted Eddie about it, he just shrugged it off with â€Å"it’s complicated†. This statement may have made Beatrice feel alone and unwanted.  In conclusion Eddie drove him self to a state of madness and drove his family to a point of hatred. He has forced his family to despise him. To the point of wanting to cause him, harm. Even though the main two women in his life still love, him they may feel over protected and to controlled.

Automobile and Large Mass Essay

There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father: â€Å"Dad, what’s that grey smoke above our cars? † Lewis’ father was a little surprised by the question, but answered: â€Å"Well, Lewis, it’s called pollution. † There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father: â€Å"Dad, what’s that grey smoke above our cars? † Lewis’ father was a little surprised by the question, but answered: â€Å"Well, Lewis, it’s called pollution. † There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father: â€Å"Dad, what’s that grey smoke above our cars? † Lewis’ father was a little surprised by the question, but answered: â€Å"Well, Lewis, it’s called pollution. † There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father: â€Å"Dad, what’s that grey smoke above our cars? † Lewis’ father was a little surprised by the question, but answered: â€Å"Well, Lewis, it’s called pollution. † â€Å"Pollution? What’s pollution? † asked Lewis, waiting intrigued for his father’s answer. â€Å"Well, for example, it’s that grey smoke you can see above our cars. Cars that run on petrol or diesel give off gasses into the atmosphere, which are very bad for all living beings and the planet too. Today you can see a lot of the grey smoke because it hasn’t rained for a long time,† answered his father. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father: â€Å"Dad, what’s that grey smoke above our cars? † Lewis’ father was a little surprised by the question, but answered: â€Å"Well, Lewis, it’s called pollution. † â€Å"Pollution? What’s pollution? † asked Lewis, waiting intrigued for his father’s answer. â€Å"Well, for example, it’s that grey smoke you can see above our cars. Cars that run on petrol or diesel give off gasses into the atmosphere, which are very bad for all living beings and the planet too. Today you can see a lot of the grey smoke because it hasn’t rained for a long time,† answered his father. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dad’s car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father: â€Å"Dad, what’s that grey smoke above our cars? † Lewis’ father was a little surprised by the question, but answered: â€Å"Well, Lewis, it’s called pollution. † â€Å"Pollution? What’s pollution? † asked Lewis, waiting intrigued for his father’s answer. â€Å"Well, for example, it’s that grey smoke you can see above our cars. Cars that run on petrol or diesel give off gasses into the atmosphere, which are very bad for all living beings and the planet too. Today you can see a lot of the grey smoke because it hasn’t rained for a long time,† answered his father. cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis’ surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father: â€Å"Dad, what’s that grey smoke above our cars? † Lewis’ father was a little surprised by the question, but answered: â€Å"Well, Lewis, it’s called pollution. † â€Å"Pollution? What’s pollution? † asked Lewis, waiting intrigued for his father’s answer. â€Å"Well, for example, it’s that grey smoke you can see above our cars. Cars that run on petrol or diesel give off gasses into the atmosphere, which are very bad for all living beings and the planet too. Today you can see a lot of the grey smoke because it hasn’t rained for a long time,† answered his father. d by the question, but answered: â€Å"Well, Lewis, it’s called pollution. † â€Å"Pollution? What’s pollution? † asked Lewis, waiting intrigued for his father’s answer. â€Å"Well, for example, it’s that grey smoke you can see above our cars. Cars that run on petrol or diesel give off gasses into the atmosphere, which are very bad for all living beings and the planet too. Today you can see a lot of the grey smoke because it hasn’t rained for a long time,† answered his father. Lewis spent a while pondering on this, and began to put two and two together. If the grey smoke was bad, and it was all because of cars, then why were there so many cars on the road? â€Å"Dad,† said Lewis slowly, â€Å"If the grey smoke is pollution and is bad for us, why are we going to school in a car? † â€Å"So I can get to work on time, son. The bus or metro would make us late,† answered his father. It was Spring. As soon as the cold weather went, it came back again. The sun seemed ashamed to show his smily face for more than the odd morning. To top it all, loads of people were sick. A spectacular chucking-up bug was going around the school. If anyone looked so much as a bit pasty in class, the teacher would grab an empty litter bin and tell them to hold it close by. Minutes later the school secretary would be calling Little So and So’s mother and telling her to get over quickly and collect her sick child. The bug even got poor Isis, who was NEVER off school. Like everything else about her, Isis’s attendance record was usually perfect – but not this week, because there was no way she could come in. She texted Katie: â€Å"Poor me, I feel so rotten! Chucked up 6 times. Is that a world record? † Katie had so far escaped the bug. She was very careful about washing her hands and not going near anyone who coughed or spluttered. She asked her mother what could be done for Isis, and she suggested an ancient witch’s remedy made from mint leaves and mandrake’s root. ‘Sounds great,’ said Katie, â€Å"Why don’t witches cure everyone? ’

Baby Boomer's Clinic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Baby Boomer's Clinic - Research Paper Example Women with maternity HMO coverage include the wellness visit of the baby’s first year. Weakness: - Patients without any HMO coverage will most likely default on their payment. Most employers do not carry maternity and extended coverage for family members. The number of potential patients with HMO coverage may not reach critical mass. Parents may not be receptive to the idea of having their infants undergo dieting and exercising at a very early age. Developing a wellness program for every infant may require expensive diagnostic evaluation to ensure that it will not be adverse to the infant’s medical condition. Opportunities: - Providing OB-GYN services can create a natural market for the Wellness baby services. Being a Vaccination Center for the State or Federal Government can create awareness for the clinic’s wellness program. A generic wellness program that will work across a wider infant population without the need for expensive diagnostic testing will be a valuable asset that can be sold to the public. Strategy to address weakness: - During the patient pre-screening, HMO coverage detail will be obtained and verified. If there is no coverage, payment can be demanded outright before the patient is seen by the doctor. Sign-up to be an HMO accredited clinic to ensure steady and guaranteed revenue from covered patients. The HMO itself will do the marketing for the clinic amongst each member. Parents should be informed of the benefits of a wellness program its effect on the financial health of the family. The medical benefits of the wellness program to the infant itself should be highlighted. A generic wellness program can be formulated and continuously improved so that it will be applicable to a wider cross section of the infant population. Continuous testing of infants that are admitted to the wellness program should be noted. The data will be added to the

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Literature review - Essay Example of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) in 2006 reported that nursing colleges and universities turned away more than 32,000 qualified applicants due to a shortage of nurse educators† (Ciraola, 2008). Shortage of experienced nurses directly affects the quality of service at the healthcare organizations for the worse. â€Å"More and more nurses are approaching retirement age. We are losing a very large cohort of our most experienced nurses† (Link cited in Ciraola, 2008). Despite the fact that many students opt for nursing in the present age, it is not helping much as the population is growing at a much faster pace to belittle the effect produced by increased nursing students. Risks created by the shortage of nurses for healthcare organizations include problems of retention and recruitment of nurses, decline in the quality of service, and work-overload on individual nurses. Cultural diversity has necessitated the acquisition of new types of skills by the nursing leaders in the US that include but are not limited to knowledge of and competence in speaking multiple languages, knowledge of the norms and values of different cultures, and training and education of the nurses to customize their skills and talents to the needs of the American healthcare

Describe three important reforms that occurred during the Progressive Essay - 2

Describe three important reforms that occurred during the Progressive Era in American history. Describe what each one of them was, and why each one was an important reform - Essay Example Government reform encompasses one of the major changes that occurred in the reform era. Robert LaFollette who was a republican governor in Wisconsin (Mintz 2014) championed reforms in this sector. It was termed as the â€Å"Wisconsin idea† and it included changes such as a development of a railroad commission to control taxes, direct primaries to choose party nominees for public offices, as well as initiative and recall opportunities for the public (Fishback 289). These reforms were important since they increased the efficiency of the government (Fishback 289). The direct primaries gave the public an opportunity to participate in the political process and also limited the influence of city bosses in selecting there favourable personnel. The initiative device enabled the public participate in passing proposed laws through voting and recall device gave the public the power to remove elected officials from their position. These reforms put government officials on their toes and e nsured they did their work with efficiency and transparency. Civil rights reforms in the progressive era are very critical and their benefits curently felt. These reforms occurred following the publication of W.E.B. Du Bois. His publication highlighted the plight of African Americans and the disparaging racism effects. Du Bois condemned the belief that African Americans could not work as manual laborers and nothing more. This publication led to the establishment of the first national civil rights movement known as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) (Mintz, 2014). This organization boasted of 6,000 members by 1914 whereby it extended to establishing offices in fifty cities. These reforms in civil rights were very important since they ensured that the rights of the colored minority were protected. Initially, the minority endured hard and forced labor, coupled with low wages as well as denial of certain necessities.

Gandhi's view on western civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gandhi's view on western civilization - Essay Example The phrase â€Å"Home Rule† is an English explanation of the previous word â€Å"swaraj† which is in the Gujarati language and means the self-rule of the people, both as individuals and as local communities, free from the rule of the British. Gandhi rejects the idea that western countries are civilized and India is not. Things which are treasured in the west, like technology and high levels of education are seen as being only good for the rich because they never reach the poor, and even when they are used in poor areas, the poor people suffer from them. One example he uses is the way that machinery takes away the jobs of the poorest people: â€Å"Machinery is the chief symbol of civilization; it represents a great sin.† (Chapter 19, page 63) He compares machinery to â€Å"a snake-hole which may contain from one to a hundred snakes† (Chapter 19, page 64) He sees the negative effects of modern scientific progress and argues for a more human and less extreme kind of progress that takes account of the needs of all the people, and not just the profits of the wealthy industrialists. There is one thing missing in western civilisation, when it is seen from an Indian point of view, and that is the spiritual or moral dimension. Christianity was seen as part of the conquering colonial culture, and Gandhi prefers the gentle way of Hindu morality, which stresses individual conduct in harmony with society and the world around. He sees western civilization as pure materialism: â€Å"Many problems can be solved by remembering that money is their God†¦They wish to convert the whole world into a vast market for their goods.† (Chapter 13, page 32) In contrast, the concept of duty is important to Indians, and Gandhi links this with his idea of what civilization should be: â€Å"Civilisation is that mode of conduct which points out to a man the path of duty† (Chapter 13, page 45) Gandhi uses the dialog form to debate issues, since the two speakers ask each other questions and answers them, showing two sides to every argument. This approach uses reason to show how harmful western civilization is. Another method is to use images and parables from Indian culture which illustrate the dangerous nature of western people and ideas, for example: â€Å"When a tiger changes his nature, Englishmen will change theirs.† (Chapter 4, page 25). Some of this danger is a moral danger: â€Å"the Mother of Parliaments is like a sterile woman and a prostitute.† (Chapter 4, page 27) The power of western civilization is called a vortex which hypnotizes people and draws them in (Chapter 4, page 29). Gandhi argues that the concept of civilization that the western nations have is not healthy for the people, and mechanized industry allows great exploitation of workers so that â€Å"Their condition is worse than that of beasts† (Chapter 4, page 30) The provision of material goods in huge quantities is described as a for m of slavery, because people toil to get them, but they have to endure terrible working conditions to get even a tiny portion of them. Other words describing modern westernized civilization are â€Å"monster† (Chapter 8, page 33); â€Å"cursed† (Chapter 13, page 46); and â€Å"godless.† (Chapter 13, page 46) Some of criticisms of western civilization are very harsh, for example he notes that Muslims call it â€Å"

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Journal - Essay Example Do not wear white or tight things unless you use our products, they warn. If you get your clothes stained, it will be the greatest shame in your life. Even your boyfriend should not know that you’ve got menstruation, suggest some ads of tampons. You get the message. As to the menarche, I did feel some discomfort about it. It was a mixture if pride and sorrow. It was the sign of my growing up, but it also signaled the official end of my childhood. It is always that way: girls are proud of becoming mature, but they feel discomfort about their sexuality. Continuing the topic of shame, it is really very common among women. Many mothers do not tell their daughters of menstruation until it starts. They keep it in secret just like issues connected with sex. So girls often get frightened and feel shame, inherited from their mothers. I think it is very important to make girls acquainted with the stages of their development early in their lives, so that they could know that it is quite normal and would not be afraid of developing. #2. Like many other girls, I acquire my notions of beauty from mass media. I am lucky to have the ‘proper’ figure: to be slim. This way I could avoid pressures associated with weight. On the other hand, I do feel sometimes that I need to loose some kilograms, I realize that it is stupid but those fears simply come to my head. I do make-up both because I feel the necessity and because I like it. However, I can go out without make-up and feel OK. As to clothes, I am influenced by the demands of fashion. When I wear some clothes that are too out-of-date or baggy I feel discomfort. I like to be fluffy. Underwear, perfumes, nail varnish, handbags, jewelry – all those things attract me. They are beautiful and make you feel attractive and pleasant to look at. They give you the feeling of being rich and able to permit the life of luxury. If used properly, they make women look and smell very nice. I see nothing

The Amish Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Amish Community - Essay Example Significant populations of Amish reside in Iowa, Pennsylvania, and northern Indiana. However, the largest settlement is in the Holmes County, Ohio. Other Amish populations also live in Ontario, Canada and other American mid-western and eastern states. The Amish region of Lancaster, Pennsylvania is famous for two reasons. The movie ‘Witness’ was filmed there. The other reason for its fame is the region’s attraction for the tourists. (The Amish Lifestyle, not dated) Â  Most of the Amish are farmers by profession. However, many also pursue other professions like carpentry, cabinet making, or harness making. Some also chose to be blacksmiths and buggy makers. It is important to note how all of these occupations are geared toward preserving the Amish teachings and lifestyle. Because of the scarce land resources and high costs associated with the farming land, many members of the younger Amish lot are now working in the restaurants and factories closer to their homes. Some also work in the general stores from where they acquire essential commodities that they do not produce themselves. (The Amish Lifestyle, not dated) Â  The Amish way of living has close resemblance with the English ancestors’ lifestyle a century ago. Their houses and farms are different because no telephone or electricity lines are connected. Typically, the structure is comfortable too and there are a lot of rooms to accommodate the typically large Amish families. A lot of the conveniences used by Amish are the ones that were used in American houses of the 19th century or even before that. The heat is acquired from coal-fueled or wood stoves. Wood, propane, and kerosene are used to power the cooking stoves. Light is provided by the clear gas or kerosene lamps. (The Amish Lifestyle, not dated) Â  

A Comparative Analysis of the Foreign Policy Process between France Essay

A Comparative Analysis of the Foreign Policy Process between France and Germany - Essay Example As observed by Philip Gordon, â€Å"Franco-German military cooperation in the postwar period seems to have taken place despite important differences in perspective between the two countries, not because of a fundamental rapprochement of views† (Krotz, 2001, p. 3). He added that â€Å"at both public and elite levels, French and German attitudes toward security and defence were highly different† (Krotz, 2001, p. 3). However, as stated, France and Germany, despite of their different approaches to foreign policy were able to build an alliance and become a major force in the European Union (EU). This essay analyses the similarities and differences between the foreign policy process in France and Germany. Comparing and Contrasting French and German Foreign Policy In analysing the specific similarities and differences between the foreign policies of France and Germany, it is important to take into account the historical foundation of the Franco-German relations. The assumption that a strong diplomacy in Europe should be based on compromise between France and Germany is firmly embraced throughout the German political community. The ‘rapprochement’—reconciliation—between Germany and France was established in 1963 through the Elysee Treaty (McCarthy, 2001, p. 118). Nevertheless, contrary to their strong alliance in the economic sector, a strong cooperation has been problematic in the security and defence arena. The Franco-German relationship throughout the Cold War was mainly rooted in the effort of Germany to discreetly take part in security and foreign policy, which allowed France to control the arrangement. The eastward territorial expansion and reunification of Germany thus brought about a level of apprehension in France that Germany would reassess their alliance, specifically when dealing with the objectives and interests

The Hunger Games Essays That Shows Katniss Qualities Essay Example for Free

The Hunger Games Essays That Shows Katniss Qualities Essay Have you ever been taken away from your family and friends? Been forced into a game where to stay alive is the only way to win? The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins is about sixteen year old Katniss Everdeen, who lives in the country of Panem from the far- off city called the Capitol. The Capitol divides in districts. It is harsh, cruel and keeps the districts in line by forcing them all to send one boy and one girl between the ages twelve and eighteen to participate in the annual Hunger Games until the end of the death and only one survive. Strength and kind Katniss faces challenges and survives the Hunger Games. Katniss has used her strength to try and get through the Hunger Games. When Peeta Mellark had gotten cut by Cato’s sword, he was deeply wounded. Katniss has to try and treat him in order to save his life. She runs toward the Cornucopia without cares of her own to get the bag pack of medicine that will survive Peeta’s life. Also, Katniss has bow and arrows that shows her strength. With her bow and arrows, she finds food and kills her enemies. She can do many things and can last longer throughout the Hunger Games. She acknowledges, â€Å"So I focus on the one really good thing that’s happened since I landed in the arena. I have a bow and arrows! A full dozen arrows if you count the one I retrieved in the tree. They bear no trace of the noxious green slime that came from Glimmer’s body†(197). She had also used bow and arrows when she was in District 12 to help support her mother and her sister, Prim. Along with her strength, she has also kindness for others that succeed her to win the Hunger Games. Katniss goes to the Cornucopia to get the bag pack of medicine that will help to save Peeta’s life. At the feast Clove attacks on Katniss but before killing her, Clove makes a foment about Rue. Thresh hears her and survives Katniss from Clove. He doesn’t kill Katniss because Katniss was rue ally and he feels that he owes her. Katniss acknowledges, â€Å" I decorate her body in the flowers. Covering the ugly wound. Wreathing her face. Weaving her hair with bright colors†(237). That shows Katniss loves Rue because she looks like Prim. In conclusion, the author wants to show us how we can face difficult problems in our life with the help of our qualities. If we have good qualities, we can win every challenge. I have a friend who lives in country of India, city is called Bihar. Bihar government is very cruel and harsh. The political status of this city is not good. Bihar city is poor and struggling with food poverty. The people of Bihar are controlling by their government. The girls cannot go to schools and colleges in this city. My friend has very intelligent and has good qualities. She is president of team that is against the government of Bihar. They use their strength and power to change the rules of their city. Finally, they succeeded in their challenge. Like those People or Katniss we can use our qualities to succeed in our life.

Strength of the Soviet Economy Essay Example for Free

Strength of the Soviet Economy Essay The Soviet Union played a major role in the allied victory in World War II. They stopped the Nazi advances and eventually pushed them back on the eastern front. The Russian people showed great resolve to triumph in spite of drastic errors in judgment by the Soviet leaders. Some of the poor decisions were made by Joseph Stalin. The first major mistake was that he believed that he could stall the Soviet Unions involvement in the war until 1942. Stalin also made an error in trying to take advantage of the war by launching an attack on Finland. The Second World War was also a test of the Soviet systems organizational power. The collective agenda allowed the Soviets to out produce German forces during the war. One factor highlighted as responsible for the Soviet victory in the Second World War is the strength of their economy after 1942. In August 1939 the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression treaty called the Nazi-Soviet Pact with the Nazis. This pact was signed so that Stalin could keep the Soviet Union out of a war with Germany on the eastern front of Europe. Stalin believed that war with the Nazis was a foregone conclusion. The pact was signed in the hope of pushing this conflict off until 1942. This was not a wise decision. The Nazis had become so confident and powerful with their Blitzkrieg model of warfare that the Soviets would have been more prepared for battle in 1939 rather than 1941. Operation Barbarossa allowed this more formidable Nazi force to smash through the Soviet defences in both the north and south of Russia and the Ukraine. The strength of the Soviet economy and rapid reparation made after the catastrophic losses within 1941-1942 was a major factor. Soviet production was located in the west which meant once quick advancements were made by the Germans in Operation Barbarossa using the ‘Blitzkrieg’ model, this either meant that the Germans had access to Soviet resources or the Soviet military had to destroy from the Germans as to not allow them to gain further usage ‘scorched earth’. This left Stalin with a limited resources and little production methods. The removal and transportation of Soviet factories from the west to the east was a decisive factor leading to the USSR winning the war because it meant that the Russians could produce all material needed without any threat from the Germans as the land distance was so vast. It was described as the Soviet Union being tipped on its side towards Asia. Stalins plan was to help Soviet industry switch to wartime production and improve the military options the Soviet commanders had. A major factor that helped this was the Soviets adaptability and experience of industrialisation having experienced Stalin’s 5 year plan. This meant the Soviet people were a lot more efficient when contributing to the war economy. Stalin spoke in 1931 about the Soviet Union needing to advance fifty to one hundred years in the next ten years to catch up with the rest of the world. When Germany attacked in 1941 ten years had passed. The Soviets had improved the infrastructure of industry. However, major drawbacks were still in place. The major problem involved the distance between the 3,500 new factories and the front line of the battlefield. The factories were spread out across the Soviet Union. The majority of the factories were located in the south but stretched from Stalingrad in the west to Siberia in the east. During the early years of World War II Stalingrad was instructed by the centralized Communist Party in Leningrad. Stalingrad was chosen due to its proximity and access to the Volga River. The protection of production was also harnessed with resources to be able to produce for the war. This was achieved with the lend-lease agreement with the US. This was designed to supply the Soviet Union with resources to help produce machinery and improve communication links as the distance between the Russian cities and businesses became stretched. The supplies were imported using the Black Sea remaining a safe distance from German attack. As a result, the Soviet Union were able to out produce Germany. The Russians become more efficient creating tanks, ensuring they were all the same would mean fixing them would become easier and the time it would take to produce shortened. The USA’s involvement in World War 2 was due to the Japanese bombing of pearl harbour , although Germany were not obliged to go to war with the Japanese as they had not been declared war by the Americans, Hitler decided to give assistance. This only meant a larger power became a German enemy. A major mistake made by the Germans was the underestimation of Soviet force, once the initial advancements were made in Operation Barbarossa. Hitler and the wider population believed that it would only be time before the Soviets would have to succumb to defeat. One German general believed that Soviet military leaders were ‘less of a threat than the tsarist Russian generals’. However this was not the only power that misjudged the strength of USSR as American generals also expressed that the Soviets would only last within a timescale of a single month to 3 months. Another mistake made by Hitler was his persistence and control with the army. Hitler aimed to complete Operation Barbarossa before the winter, as this wasn’t completed he forced them to continue. The harsh soviet conditions made this impossible, The German soldiers were unprepared for the winter weather which lead to thousands of deaths by hyperthermia. Whereas, the Soviet troops having adapted to the harsh conditions were able to continue. An advantage this gave Stalin was the time to organise both military and civilians. The delay of German troops due to the lack of support with clothing and supplies left them stranded in the centre of vast land, unable to continue and low on morale as communication was near impossible. This gave Stalin time to reorganise, one way Stalin organised the military was to ensure that a constant supply of equipment and man power fed through. Though soldiers were trained to maintain efficiency meaning less Soviet soldiers were likely to die in combat. Another way Stalin organised his military was to make sure Vasilevsky and Zhukov regained dominance in airspace. This resulted in German efforts to conduct Blitzkrieg tactic useless. Stalin also abolished the strong influence the communist party had on the army to ensure the military stayed resistant. Stalin also ensured that the civilian population was wel l led to ensure maximum efficiency in the effort of war. Regular propaganda messages ensured that morale was kept at a high level. Films were regularly shown highlighting the evil Nazi party to ensure that the population stay in favour of German invasion. Propaganda was also less based upon the strength of the communist party during war and focused more on national unity and fighting spirit in the war effort. This was to keep the Soviet population loyal to the communist party. Another key method in boosting morale in Russia was the reintroduction of practiced religion. Religion was never banned but suffered severe harassment since 1917, closing churches and killing priests it became dangerous to practice religion. The restoration of Christianity brought the backing of Christians and an improved morale in Soviet Russia. Another group that played a valuable role in the soviet victory was partisan groups. They were men and women who fought within German territory and attacked German soldiers and destroyed German equipment. This was particularly effective as the cutting of communication wires made it difficult to convey messages over vast land and very difficult to repair due to the lack of supplies. Ultimately, I believe that the Soviet economy was crucial for Soviet victory in the Second World War as without a strong economy producing output would have left the Soviets defenceless against the Germans. However I also think that the leadership of the military and civilians in Russia was crucial in becoming more efficient and consequently a stronger power. Smaller factors such as the contribution of the Russian civilians in protecting Leningrad were also detrimental in achieving victory. There are several interpretations highlighted by the western civilisation on why the Soviet Union won the war, there has tended to feature Soviet heroism in standing up to the German invasion, but to regard the other positive factors as unnecessary. There is often a focus on Stalin’s mistakes in leadership especially early in the war. This contrasts with Soviet historians views that highlight the determined resistance of the soviet people and leadership. I also believe this soviet viewpoint that without the patriotism towards Soviet Russia creating the biggest impotence towards the Russian war effort.