What Is Language Devoid Of The Social Context Of Its...

To make language devoid of the social context of its creation and use is to dislocate it from which it derives its meanings. Thus ridding it of its use with the only benefit of understanding what it is made up of. However, understanding what language is made of and understanding how to use it are two different things, neither of which will give you a complete understanding of language on its own. Using Gardner’s analogy of language being like a fish you dissect as well as observe within its habitat, to view language as devoid of its social context is to remove the fish from the ocean, the environment in which is serves its purpose. In order to understand what forms it, however, removal and dissection is necessary. Unfortunately, neither†¦show more content†¦An opposing argument would be that one’s thoughts aren’t necessarily used to communicate and yet they still use language. People talk like others and still each of us has our own unique style (Bakhtin , as cited in Gee and Hayes 2011, pg. 7). Our immediate surroundings in the early stages of development shape the language we learn to speak first. Looking at Darwin’s theory of evolution (1859, cited in O’Neil 2013, para. 20) and how the finches from the Galapagos Islands were all divergences of their ancestral species, the language which we develop from our social and cultural backgrounds evolves (obviously in a much faster process than that of the finches). This is the way language changes and yet remains the same. After studying language development in children, Michael Halliday identified seven functions it had for them. The first four help satisfy physical need and the last three help them understand the environment. â€Å"Language is a communal resource from which we all beg borrow and steal† (Gee and Hayes, 2011, pg. 7). It has also been suggested by Gee and Hayes (2011) that it would be highly likely that all human language developed from one original language. We can see a similar idea in Minna Sundberg’s illustration of the Old World Language Families tree, where Indo-European branched off to European, which then branched off to Germanic, West Germanic, Anglo-Frisian and finally English. Even in the book of Genesis it is written that â€Å"the whole word hadShow MoreRelatedAssignment One. ‘†¦.To View Language As Though It Were An1248 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment One ‘†¦.to view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creation and use, is to dislocate it from the field of human interaction within which language derives the full quality of its meanings†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Grugeon and Gardner 2000: 105) Introduction In this essay we will look at different perspectives of language viewed as an object devoid of the social context of its creation and use. However, language becomes truly meaningful only when it’s combined with humanRead MoreLanguage Cannot Be Devoid Of The Social Context Of Its1844 Words   |  8 PagesLanguage cannot be devoid of the social context of its creation and use, as this would dislocate it from the field of human interaction, within which language derives the full quality of its meaning. Social context of language is the way in which we understand novels, stories, conversations and other people; as it is embedded in everything about the ways in which we communicate. To view language in the absence of social context creates significant limitations in its real-world application. The reasonRead MoreTo View Language As Though It Were An Object, Devoid Of1959 Words   |  8 PagesTo view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creatio n and use, is to dislocate it from the field of human interaction within which language derives the full quality of its meanings. What is language? What makes the English language the most difficult to learn? Language is presented as an object purely through itself, which in turn leads to a problem. The base on how to use language to communicate through Lexis and Syntax, then each subheading of how to communicateRead MoreEnglish Through Social Context Within The Field Of Human Interaction1939 Words   |  8 Pages Language must be considered within its context or it will cease to be useful or meaningful. ‘†¦.to view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creation and use, is to dislocate it from the field of human interaction within which language derives the full quality of its meanings†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Grugeon and Gardner, (2000) make a bold statement. However, once the individual investigates the origins of English and how it has adapted, not only through time but how much the sameRead MoreThe Difference Between A Stranger And A Friend1843 Words   |  8 Pagesfriend is a story† (Pinto, 2014) such is the power of language and storytelling. Language is more than a verbal interaction or text written on a page, as it impacts our very human existence on a daily basis. It creates relationships, facilitates learning and crosses cultural divides. The statement by Grugeon and Gardner (2000) clearly states that language cannot be viewed in isolation, devoid of any social context. The learning of language and literacy requires both elements of structured grammarRead MoreLanguage As An Object, Devoid Of The Social Context Of Its Creation And Use1800 Words   |  8 PagesAssignment 1 To view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creation and use, is to dislocate it from the field of human interaction within which language derives the full quality of its meanings Language, what is language, there isn’t a simple definition for language. People always describes language as, words, or as sounds use to convey messages between people. Yet language is much more than that, there is so much meaning behind it. Language is a living breathingRead MoreAssignment One. â€Å"To View Language As Though It Were An1794 Words   |  8 PagesAssignment One â€Å"to view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creation and use, is to dislocate it from the field of human interaction within which language derives the full quality of its meanings†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Grugeon and Gardner 2000: 105) Language is a mixed bag of contradictions which all of society use to address the specific needs of their group. A teacher’s role is extreme in the process of understanding language. It is not enough to merely consider theRead MoreAssignment One. ‘†¦.To View Language As Though It Were An1870 Words   |  8 Pages Assignment One ‘†¦.to view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creation and use, is to dislocate it from the field of human interaction within which language derives the full quality of its meanings†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Grugeon and Gardner 2000: 105) Language is a fundamental part of everyday life. Thinking of language as an object implies that it is nothing more than neutral words arranged in a formula or code, which can be interchanged with other words to form new meaningRead MoreA Report On Le Corbusier s Esprit Nouveau, And Several Of These Were Collected And Published Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesthe word ‘still’ within its phrasing. Thus, it is useful to investigate the nature of its relevance at its time of publication almost a century ago. A major reason for the widespread reception of Le Corbusier’s ideas can be found in his country’s social conditions during the interwar years. Towards a New Architecture was launched into a France that was experiencing an acute housing shortage. The Paris agglomeration, after drawing in over 350,000 migrants between 1911 and 1921 largely for the warRead MorePolitics and The English Language: George Orwell ´s Literature3705 Words   |  15 Pagesgreates t social commentators of modern history. The thesis which spans over the body of Orwell’s work extrapolates upon the integral influence that writing has on society and to reinstate the integrity of the writer. Orwell’s essays have sparked a plethora of adverse and auxiliary opinions regarding the imperishability of his work, from those whom believe that his efforts are archaic, to those who believe that his craftsmanship of language addresses issues which had once been hidden. No matter what side

The Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan Essay - 2289 Words

This article was written by Amy Tan, who is an English major and an author. Tan originally spoke about this topic at a group discussion about her book, The Joy Luck Club and later turned it into an essay for The Threepenny Review. She wrote this article to explain to writers everywhere that there are many different styles of English and that even someone who has majored in English and has published works can speak unconventional English. In â€Å"Mother Tongue† from The WakeTech Reader, Amy Tan (1989) examines the different versions of English that she finds herself using in different situations as well as the English her mother uses and how her mother’s version of English has a major impact on the way her mother is treated by strangers. Tan begins by emphasizing her lack of expertise in the English language, offering her opinions instead. She proceeds by telling the reader about her love interest for language in addition to the way language has become a basic function of everyday life. She then distinguishes the different types of English she uses by introducing us to her first version of English, which she uses when speaking to a group about her book. This particular version of English consists of lengthy speeches. She then focuses on her second version of English, which she uses with her mother and husband. She describes the English that she will use with loved ones as a â€Å"language of intimacy† (Tan 257). Tan then provides examples of what type of things may be said in theShow MoreRelatedThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan1192 Words   |  5 Pages(H) The life of women has drastically changed throughout the ages. (CIS) The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan portrays life in America and in China in the 1930’s for women. (GS1) When stories are true, there is more power behind them. (GS2) Novels need accuracy for the book to have feeling. (GS3) A rave-worthy novel needs truth to really draw the reader in. (thesis) Author Amy Tan accurately port rays life for Chinese women in the 1930’s and it enhances the power of the novel because the stories have trueRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan963 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan shows the past and present experiences of several women including An-mei Hsu, the mother of Rose Hsu Jordan. Beginning at a young age, An-mei has to endure many situations. Her grandmother tells her that her mother is a ghost but she comes back to take care of her grandmother when she is ill. Due to the absence of her mother during her childhood years, she tries to be there for Rose as much as possible but is pushed away. An-mei believes she has nengkin, theRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Joy Luck Club is the first novel by Amy Tan, published in 1989. The Joy Luck Club is about a group of Chinese women that share family stories while they play Mahjong. When the founder of the club, Suyuan Woo, died, her daughter June replaced h er place in the meetings. In her first meeting, she finds out that her lost twin sisters were alive in China. Before the death of Suyuan, the other members of the club located the address of June’s half-sisters. After that, they send June to tell her half-sistersRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan2055 Words   |  9 Pagesopinion. This is the case within the novel The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan, as the American daughters of the China-born mothers grow up in perpetual disconnect because of their cultural differences. Consequently, the daughters’ view of their mother’s love is distorted. Without a clear comprehension of their mother’s love, which is shown in forms of her words and actions, the daughters are constantly haunted by life’s difficulties. Thus, The Joy Luck Club emphasizes that a bond between a mother and daughterRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan841 Words   |  3 PagesIn the Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan, tells stories of four Chinese m others and four Chinese-American daughters and their mother-daughter relationship. The four mothers met in a San Francisco church in 1949. Suyuan Woo, founder of the Joy Luck Club, convinced the other mothers An-Mei Hsu, Lindo Jong, and Yingying St. Clair to join the club. The club would meet every week at one of the mother’s house where they eat food, play mahjong, and brag about their daughters. The Chinese-American daughters tellRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan930 Words   |  4 PagesMerriam Webster’s dictionary defines sacrifice as â€Å"the act of giving up something that you want to keep especially in order to get or do something else or to help someone†. In Amy Tan’s novel, The Joy Luck Club, a central theme present throughout is sacrifice. This novel depicts the sacrifices made by a group of immigrant mothers in order for their daughters to have a better life in America. Although the daughters do not realize the reasons behind their mother s motives until their stories and personalRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan Essay1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe Joy Luck Club is a novel by Amy Tan which tells the individual, cohesive stories of Chinese American daughters and their Chinese mothers. In each story, the cultural differences between mother and daughter acts as a wedge between them. The conflicting cultures of descent and consent causes a conflict between mother and daughter; although they ultimately want to have a relationship with each other, the differences in values make coming together harder. For the mothers, their expectations for theirRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan1459 Words   |  6 Pages 12/1/15 JLC FLE First Draft English 8-6 Clear Reflection, of Personality The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan follows multiple Chinese-American women who struggle with their self-identity and creating a balance between American and Chinese culture. Because of their immigration and many hardships in life, many of the women feel like they cannot trulyRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan1164 Words   |  5 PagesThe Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan is about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four daughters, who were born and raised in America. The mothers, through their experiences in China, have attained vast knowledge that they now wish to pass on to their daughters. One mother, An-mei Hsu, wants to pass on her knowledge to her daughter, Rose Hsu Jordan. Rose is worried about her inevitable divorce with her husband, which was caused by her indecisiveness. An-mei hopes that by giving Rose advice, she canRead MoreAmy Tan s The Joy Luck Club1097 Words   |  5 PagesCulture defines humanity. Culture makes humans different than any other living organism ever kno wn. Culture is what makes humans unique, and yet culture is easily the most misunderstood characteristic of individuals. In Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan develops the theme of incomplete cultural understanding leads to an inability to communicate one’s true intentions through juxtaposition and conflict between mothers and daughters and their cultures. The conflicting Chinese culture of the mothers’

System Development Approach-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the System Development Approach. Answer: Introduction Allsports is a multi-sport organization that has a huge number of members that are engaged in different types of sporting activities. The company publishes its newsletter on a weekly basis. There are certain problems that are associated with the current system in terms of information management, storage, and processing. An automated system, All Sports Club Information System (ASCIS) has been recommended to overcome the problems with the current system. The aim of the report is to cover the details of the new information system such as the system development approach, project cost benefit analysis and schedule along with system requirements and investigation techniques Approach to Systems Development All Sports Club Information System (ASCIS) can be developed by using a number of different approaches and methodologies. There are primarily two categories of approaches that are applied as predictive approach or adaptive approach. In case of ASCIS, the approach that has a higher degree of applicability is the adaptive approach for system development. It is because of the nature of the requirements that shall be implemented in the system. The members that are engaged with ASCIS may increase or decrease in number which is sure to have an impact on the frequency of the newsletters that are shared. It will be required for the system to be dynamic in nature so as to handle the variations in the information management and the data operations. Adaptive approach to system development such as agile methodology will be apt in the case of ASCIS as the methodology will be able to handle the dynamic nature of the requirements (Subramaniam, 2007). It will allow the system to be flexible and scalable in nature which will ensure that the changes in terms of the scope or related project factors are met with ease. The project client will also be updated regularly regarding the project status and project progress and will also be asked for the feedback. In such a manner, the end-product that will be delivered and deployed in the form of ASCIS will be as per the specifications provided by the client. The information storage that will be included in the system will also be as per the changing nature of storage necessities in the system (Williams, 2007). 3. Systems Requirements Functional Requirements The system shall provide the users with the ability to login. The system shall have the ability to store member details as demographic information and the details of the sports that they play. The system must store newsletters with their date of submission, title of the article, and file name and advertiser details as the mandatory attributes (Turner, Maylor and Swart, 2013). Advertiser demographics and contact details must be stored in the system. The system must create, store and provide the ability to extract the reports including member details, advertiser information, details of the newsletters along with the article details. The system must create alerts before the due date of the publishing of a newsletter to ensure that there are no delays (Bredillet, 2005). The information associated with the members who have published or edited the newsletters shall be visible on the basis of filters such as member id or email address. Non-Functional Requirements The system shall be scalable in nature to ensure that it may be modified as per the changing nature of requirements. The system shall always be available to the users to allow them to view, share or edit the information. The system shall be secure in nature so that the information that is stored is always protected (Anshin, 2013). Reliability shall be included in the system to make sure that there is valid information that is presented as a response to the user action or the query made by the user. The system shall be easy to maintain and the support activities that are carried out must also be convenient to execute. Project Cost Benefit Analysis Cost-Benefit Analysis is one of the most significant estimates that are carried out in the projects. It is necessary to have an account of the probable costs and expenses that may be spent during the project timeline along with the corresponding benefits that will be gained. In case of All Sports Club Information System (ASCIS), the overall budget that has been estimated is $60,000. The discount factor that is applicable in this project is 6%. It has also been estimated that the staffing costs will reduce by $2,000 on a monthly basis. It will be because of the reason that there will an enhanced use of automation that will be carried out replacing the problems that are present with the current system. This in return will enhance the income by $1,000. The overall profitability that will come out as a result will be $3,000 (Canils and Romijn, 2008). The budget that has been estimated includes the cost of maintenance which will be $1,200 per month making it $14,400 on a yearly basis. There will also be a one-time cost of tools that will be spent along with the cost of resources, development and designing cost, deployment and testing costs along with the closure costs. Work Breakdown Structure Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is the tool that is used to represent the project schedule and the project activities in the form of packages and sub-packages. The tool is used to estimate the project schedule and also tracks the completion of the activities that are involved. The cost estimation can also be done using WBS. Gantt chart is another tool which is used to represent the project activities in the form of a timeline. The timeline represents the project activities and the resources that are assigned to each activity. WBS and Gantt chart have a close association with each other as both of these tools are used to track the project progress and also aid in the processes of estimations regarding the project (Parnell, 2008). The project schedule that has been estimated for the project is reasonable as the allocation of the hours that shall be spent on the completion of the activities is as per the effort that is required to be put in. Also, the activities have been estimated in such a manner that the budget that has been allocated for the project does not exceed. The schedule has been created in such a way that there is a proper allocation of the resources done without any cases of over-lapping or over-loading System Information Requirement Investigation Techniques Project Stakeholders Project Client: The client will be interested in the project as the system will overcome the issues with the current system and will enhance the quality of the operations resulting in better performance and results. End-Users: The system will allow the easier management of the information and the operations leading to higher satisfaction and engagement (Stead, 2008). Project Manager: The project manager will be responsible and accountable for project planning, closure and analysis activities. The project success or failure will have a direct impact on the project manager. Project Team Members: The project resources will be responsible and accountable for all of the operational tasks and activities. The project success or failure will have a direct impact on the project resources. Information Investigation Techniques Interviews: The technique will allow the system stakeholders to gain information regarding the project in terms of the functional and non-functional requirements and specifications. It will be done through the designing of the interview questions and conduction of the process by receiving the responses and recording of the same. Brainstorming: This technique will allow the generation and exploration of the new ideas and concepts. It will be done through a process of group discussions with the relevant stakeholders to retrieve meaningful information. Observation: There will be a lot of data that will be present with the organizations in the form of historical data and references along with the existing operations. The technique will include the practical observation of the processes carried out to understand the problems in the current system and implement the required changes in the new syst Conclusions The project of All Sports Club Information Systems (ASCIS) is a step towards the use and application of the latest technology in the business activities to overcome the issues and problems that are involved with the current system. The project is required to be completed in the estimated schedule and budget constraints to make sure that the timely delivery of the system is made successfully. The project brings forward the significance of the project phases as planning and analysis. These phases form the strong base that is required to be created in order to achieve project success. The information regarding the project requirements shall be investigated as per the apt technique. References Anshin, V. (2013). Strategic and Organizational Aspects of Project Systems Management Considering Sustainable Development Concept. Russian Journal of Project Management, 2(3), pp.3-12. Bredillet, P. (2005). International Journal of Project Management. International Journal of Project Management, 23(1), p.86. Canils, M. and Romijn, H. (2008). Strategic niche management: towards a policy tool for sustainable development. Technology Analysis Strategic Management, 20(2), pp.245-266. Parnell, J. (2008). Sustainable strategic management: construct, parameters, research directions. International Journal of Sustainable Strategic Management, 1(1), p.35. Stead, J. (2008). Sustainable strategic management: an evolutionary perspective. International Journal of Sustainable Strategic Management, 1(1), p.62. Subramaniam, V. (2007). Agile Methodologies. [online] Available at: https://www.agiledeveloper.com/presentations/AgileMethodologies.pdf [Accessed 15 Aug. 2017]. Turner, N., Maylor, H. and Swart, J. (2013). Ambidexterity in managing business projects an intellectual capital perspective. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 6(2), pp.379-389. Williams, L. (2007). A Survey of Agile Development Methodologies. [online] Available at: https://agile.csc.ncsu.edu/SEMaterials/AgileMethods.pdf [Accessed 15 Aug. 2017]

The Role of Sin in The Crucible Essay Example

The Role of Sin in The Crucible Paper Ours is a divided empire in which certain ideas and emotions and actions are of God, and their opposites are of Lucifer. It is as impossible for most men to conceive of a morality without sin as of an earth without sky (Miller 1252). This is the introduction of sin in the Puritan world in The Crucible, and how it is irrevocably entwined with virtue. Yet it is sin that is the driving force in Arthur Millers play, fully illustrating human nature: its limits and lack thereof. From the origins of the witch hunt in Abigails lust and its continuation in Thomas Putnams greed to its climax in John Proctors wrath, Arthur Millers play demonstrates the catastrophes that occur when an entire town is driven by sin. The Crucibles major events and characters are shaped by lust and envy, vanity, greed, and wrath. The entire Salem Witch Hunt is caused by the mutual lust between John Proctor and Abigail Williams, and her envy of Elizabeth Proctor that resulted from the affair. Although the play starts after the affair, the reader learns about it in a rather dramatic fashion, as Abigail shouts at John Proctor that I know how you clutched my back behind your house and sweated like a stallion whenever I came near! you loved me then and you do now! (Miller 1246). Peterson 2 It is clear that she still longs for him, in fact, she states it baldly that she lusts for him still- very unlike a proper Puritan girl. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Sin in The Crucible specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Sin in The Crucible specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Sin in The Crucible specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Proctor, very much aware of his black sin of lust and the stain upon his soul as a result, tries to absolve himself by denying it ever happened, which infuriates Abigail to no end: You loved me, John, and whatever sin it is, you love me yet! (Miller 1247). Indeed, it is Proctors awareness of his sins that causes him to initially confess his witchcraft near the end of the play: Miller describes Proctor as a sinner, a sinner not only against the moral fashion of the time, but against his own vision of decent conduct Proctor has come to view himself as a fraud (Johnson 71). He protests that he is not a saint yet, in the end, he cannot further discredit his name, and realizes that by declaring himself a witch, he condemns those to be hanged as witches as well. But the entire witch hunt was caused by the affair and Abigails resulting envy, that initially prompted the dancing and conjuring in the woods with Tituba and the girls; Reverend Parris caught them at it and sent his daughter Betty into shock, which sent rumors of witchcraft spiraling around Salem and the surrounding area. Abigail also drank blood as part of a charm to kill Elizabeth Proctor. This depravity all resulted from the sins of lust and envy, directly correlated in particular case, in the complicated love triangle of Elizabeth Proctor, John Proctor, and Abigail Williams. It was not only lust and sin that prompted the Salem Witch Trials, but also vanity. Vanity is, arguably, the least dangerous of all seven sins, yet in this case it is perhaps the most dangerous. Reverend Parris own veneration for his high position and reputation as preacher led him to fear discovery of witchcraft in his household; such that Abigails accusations of other women as witches in fact saves him. He thus encourages it, perhaps trying to weed out the parties in the church who dislike him as preacher. Judge Danforth is another guilty of Peterson 3 vanity, again with his reputation. Yet the cost of his vanity is much higher than that of Parris: although it is Parris who encouraged the witch hunt hysteria, it is Danforth who condemned or pardoned the witches. In Act IV, Danforth has the authority to postpone the hangings when doubt arises as to the authenticity of the witches due to hang the coming morning. Yet Danforth does not postpone the hangings, because any doubt raised about these witches would be doubt raised about the validity of the other witches already hanged: I will not receive a single plea for pardon or postponement Postponement now speaks a floundering on my part; reprieve or pardon must cast doubt upon the guilt of them that died till now (Miller 1324). Despite Hales urging and Parris pleas, Danforth refuses to budge- and more innocents are hanged due to his perverse sense of justice. It is Proctors vanity, however, that strikes one the most. His vanity, again of his reputation, prevents him from revealing the root cause of the witch hysteria, and that Abigail herself revealed to him no witchcraft is involved, merely dancing. It is not until the truth will not derail the hysteria, not until that it is too late, that Proctor realizes he needs to expose their affair, in order to discredit Abigail. Yet his effort fails; her hold over Salem is too great. Greed is yet another major sin that led to and continues the Salem witch hunt. Most notable, of course, is Abigail and her cohorts, with their evident greed for power. Merely by pointing fingers, screaming, fainting, and having fits they can declare anybody in town a witch- and the entire town, with the exception of a select few, believes them. Such power is heady, as they prove by wreaking their petty vengeances upon the town. Another figure worth noting with greed is Thomas Putnam. Miller writes, Land-lust which had been expressed before by constant bickering over boundaries and deeds, could now be elevated to the arena of morality; one could cry witch against ones neighbor and feel perfectly justified Peterson 4 in the bargain (Miller 1237), as Thomas Putnam illustrates. His daughter Ruth accuses George Jacobs, their neighbor who also holds land that Putnam covets, of being a witch. As Giles Corey points out in his deposition, If Jacobs hangs for a witch he forfeit up his property there is none but Putnam with the coin to buy so great a piece. This man is killing his neighbors for their land! (Miller 1299). Putnam, of course, denies it- and in the end it is Corey who is accused of being a witch, and killed by torture. As Blooms Major Dramatists bluntly puts it, Thomas Putnam is a vindictive man. He is the communitys strongest supporter of the trials, using them for personal vengeance (Bloom 61). Wrath is perhaps the most notable in The Crucible, being the most dramatic. The least noticed is the squabbling among the various factions in Salem, such as a land war between Francis Nurse and a Putnam. This grew into an actual battle in the woods that lasted for two days. In fact, Putnams signed the first complaint against Rebecca Nurse, Ruth Putnam first accused her of witchcraft, and even Mrs.Putnam joined the fray by accusing Rebecca of tempting her to iniquity (Miller 1248). Abigail, of course, appears again as guilty of yet another sin. Her wrath is apparent when Mary Warren betrays her and reveals that they were all merely pretending to see spirits. She quickly turns on Mary and accuses her of witchery, spotting a little yellow bird on the beam: to the ceiling, in a genuine conversation with the bird, as though trying to talk it out of attacking her: But God made my face; you cannot want to tear my face. Envy is a deadly sin, Mary (Miller 1312). Her wrath eventually achieves her aim: to scare Mary back into accusing witches with her, but has an unexpected consequence: John Proctor is accused of witchcraft. But before this, John Proctor finally comes to the court against Abigail with Mary Warren, Francis Nurse, and Giles Corey. One by one they are discredited by the judges, until John finally bursts: How do you call Heaven! Whore!

Shirley Chisholm, First Black Woman in Congress

Shirley Chisholm, First Black Woman in Congress Shirley Chisholm  (born Shirley Anita St. Hill, November 30, 1924–January 1, 2005) was the first African-American woman ever elected to the U.S. Congress. She represented the 12th Congressional District of New York for seven terms (1968–1982) and quickly became known for her work on minority, womens, and peace issues. Fast Facts: Shirley Chisholm Known For: First African-American woman to serve in the U.S. Congress, from 1968–1982Born: November 30, 1924 in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New YorkParents: Charles and Ruby Seale St. HillEducation: Brooklyn College (B.A., sociology, cum laude); Columbia University (M.A., elementary education)Died: January 1, 2005 in Ormond Beach, FloridaPublished Works: Unbought and Unbossed and The Good FightSpouse(s): Conrad O. Chisholm (1959–1977), Arthur Hardwicke, Jr. (1977–1986)Notable Quote: That I am a national figure because I was the first person in 192 years to be at once a congressman, black and a woman proves, I think, that our society is not yet either just or free. Early Life Shirley Chisholm was born in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York on November 30, 1924. She was the eldest of four daughters of her immigrant parents, Charles St. Hill, a factory worker from British Guiana, and Ruby Seale St. Hill, a seamstress from Barbados. In 1928, because of financial hardship, Shirley and two of her sisters were sent to Barbados to be raised by her grandmother, where they were educated in the islands British-style school system. They returned to New York in 1934, even though the financial situation had not been resolved. Shirley attended Brooklyn College for a degree in sociology, where she won prizes in debating but found she was barred from the social club, as all blacks were, so she organized a rival club. She graduated with honors in 1946 and found work at two daycare centers in New York. She became an authority on early education and child welfare, and an educational consultant for Brooklyns Bureau of Child Welfare. At the same time, she worked as a volunteer with the local political leagues and the League of Women Voters. Deeper Involvement in Politics In 1949, Shirley married Conrad O. Chisholm, a private investigator and graduate student from Jamaica. Together they became increasingly involved in New York municipal political issues, establishing a number of local organizations to bring blacks and Hispanics into politics. Shirley Chisholm returned to school and obtained a masters degree in elementary education from Columbia University in 1956 and became involved in grassroots community organizing and the Democratic Party, helping form the Unity Democratic Club in 1960. Her community base helped make possible a win when she ran for the New York State Assembly in 1964. Congress In 1968, Shirley Chisholm ran for Congress from Brooklyn, winning that seat while running against James Farmer, an African-American veteran of the 1960s Freedom Rides in the south and the former national chairman of the Congress of Racial Equality. With her win, she became the first black woman elected to Congress. Her first congressional battle- she fought many- was with the chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, Wilbur Mills, who was responsible for assigning committee appointments. Chisholm was from the urban 12th district in New York; Mills assigned her to the agricultural committee. Apparently, she said, all they know here in Washington about Brooklyn is that a tree grew there.  The speaker of the House told her to be a good soldier and accept the assignment, but she persisted and eventually Mills assigned her to the Education and Labor Committees. She hired only women for her staff and was known for taking positions against the Vietnam War, for minority and womens issues, and for challenging the Congressional seniority system. She was outspoken and uninterested in conforming: in 1971, Chisholm was a founding member of the National Womens Political Caucus and in 1972, she visited the voluble segregationist Alabama governor George Wallace in the hospital when he was recovering from an assassination attempt. He was astonished to see her and she was criticized for visiting him, but the act opened doors. In 1974, Wallace provided his support for her bill to extend federal minimum wage provisions to domestic workers. Running for President and Leaving Congress Chisholm ran for the Democratic nomination for president in 1972. She knew she could not win the nomination, which eventually went to George McGovern, but she nevertheless wanted to raise issues she felt were important. She was the first black person and the first black woman to run for president on a major party ticket and was the first woman to win delegates for a presidential nomination by a major party. In 1977, she divorced her first husband and married businessman Arthur Hardwicke, Jr. Chisholm served in Congress for seven terms. She retired in 1982 because, as she put it, moderate and liberal lawmakers were running for cover from the new right. She also wanted to take care of her husband, who had been injured in an automobile accident; he died in 1986. In 1984, she helped form the National Political Congress of Black Women (NPCBW). From 1983 to 1987, she taught politics and womens studies as the Purington Professor at Mount Holyoke College and spoke widely. She moved to Florida in 1991 and briefly served as the ambassador to Jamaica during President Bill Clintons first term. Death and Legacy Shirley Chisholm died at her home in Ormond Beach, Florida on January 1, 2005, after suffering a series of strokes. Chisholms legacy of grit and persistence is apparent in all of her writings, speeches, and actions in and out of government. She was involved in the founding or administration or strong support of numerous organizations, including the National Organization of Women, the League of Women Voters, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), and the National Womens Political Caucus. She said in 2004, I want history to remember me not just as the first black woman to be elected to Congress, not as the first black woman to have made a bid for the presidency of the United States, but as a black woman who lived in the 20th century and dared to be herself. Sources Barron, James. Shirley Chisholm, Unbossed pioneer in Congress, Is Dead at 80. The New York Times, 3 January 2005.Chisholm, Shirley. The Good Fight. New York: Harper Row, 1973. Print.Unbought and Unbossed. Washington, DC: Take Root Media, 1970 (2009).Jackson, Harold. Shirley Chisholm: The First Black Woman Elected to Congress, She Was an Outspoken Advocate against Discrimination. The Guardian, 3 January 2005.Thurber, Jon. Shirley Chisholm, 80; Ran for President, Served 13 Years in Congress. Los Angeles Times, 4 January 2005.

Bill of Rights

Bill of Rights In the United States, the Bill of Rights refers to the first ten constitutional amendments. The constitution was amended to safeguard the natural rights of liberty and material goods.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bill of Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through the bill of rights, an individual is assured of a number of personal freedoms, including the right to own property, the right to life, right of protection from the law, freedom of movement, freedom of association and the freedom of speech. Moreover, the bill o rights limit the power of the central government regarding the independence of the judiciary. Subsequent amendments allowed states and the public to have some rights and freedoms that could not be denied. The amendments originally applied to the federal government only, but the Fourteenth Amendment allowed various states to apply the bill of rights (Davies, 750). The bill of rights plays a crit ical role in the United States because they define the relationship between the government and the populace. The governor is expected to behave in a certain manner while the governed has various rights and responsibilities (Brinkley 12). Based on the ideas of John Locke, the civil society should be created to protect the private property meaning that the bill of rights plays an important role of safeguarding the wealth of various individuals. In the state of nature, Locke was of the view that each person is free and equal implying that natural rights cannot be separated from an individual. For instance, the right to life cannot be denied because it defines an individual. The state should always make sure that the right of each is protected. This would not have been achieved without a constitutional order. Therefore, the bill of rights was drafted to safeguard the interests of individuals. The populace should always be the ultimate authority because it elects leaders. The government of the day has the legal responsibility of protecting the rights of individuals. These rights are mainly found in the bill of rights. Any government that fails to protect the fundamental right of an individual should cease to exist. The main reason why the bill of rights was written was to prevent it from the powers of the central government. The bill of rights could be scrapped in case it remained unwritten because the power of the central government was growing. The way the constitution was drafted would open the way for to totalitarianism meaning that the president would have adequate powers over the ruled. He would easily order the arrest of individuals and seizure of property (Brinkley 88). The English bill of rights differed in a number of ways with the American version. The American version aimed at addressing the rights of individuals as represented by the legislature against the crown. In this regard, it had to be written, unlike the English version, which was unwritten.Adv ertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Drafters of the constitution based their argument on the violation of civil rights during and after the Revolution since the British unleashed terror to citizens even though unwritten constitutional order preventing the government from using force existed (Levy 26). The bill of rights was viewed as one of the national unifying factor hence it had to be written. The English bill of rights contained clauses on the right to petition, independent judiciary and, freedom of speech. Americans needed something different regarding the right to petition because a number of individuals were not allowed to participate in a democratic process. The Fourth Amendment, which states that the state security agencies should not infringe the rights of an individual through unreasonable search and seizure, is the most important. The law requires that an individual be g iven an arrest warrant before being searched. Moreover, the arrest warrant must be supported by probable cause meaning that the state security forces must provide adequate evidence showing that an individual indeed committed a crime before being arrested. The law was formulated specifically to contain the behaviour of the colonial government, which would conduct a search without an adequate reason. In this process, an individual would be injured while his or her property would be destroyed. The court should conduct a critical review of evidence before issuing an arrest warrant meaning that the state security agencies have no permission to enter private premises. In the Fourth Amendment, the meaning of search is outlined. In this regard, the right to privacy should always be considered when searching a premise or frisking an individual. Regarding seizure, the security agencies are prohibited from taking away private property to be used as evidence. Arresting an individual and holding him or her in a police custody amounts to seizure. However, ordinary police checks, such as traffic inspection, do not result to arrest. Whenever security forces conduct search the premises of an individual, it is expected that they should uncover a criminal activity (Schultz 74). This is referred to as the probable cause meaning that the search and subsequent seizure should bear fruits. If the search were unsuccessful, the rights of individual would have been violated. The individual would have the right to demand compensation for any injury or damage caused. Brinkley, Alan. American History: A survey. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1999. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bill of Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Davies, Thomas. Recovering the Original Fourth Amendment. Michigan Law Review, 98.3 (1999), 547–750. Print. Levy, Williams. Seasoned Judgments: The American Constitution, Rights, and History. New York: Transaction Publishers, 1995. Print. Schultz, David. Encyclopaedia of the United States Constitution. New York: InfoBase Publishing, 2009. Print.

The watergate story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The watergate story - Essay Example During the re-election campaign he got incredible number of votes and won. However, he was brought down by the scandals he got involved in. There were many smaller dealings he was involved in that went undetected by the public and FBI or CIA. Nevertheless, in his fight to assure victory on the elections, he committed more serious crimes. It started with break-in to the headquarter office of the Democrat Party. Then the long and drawn-out court hearings followed, many high officials lost their positions, a power struggle and, finally, the first in the history of USA resignation of the President. WATERGATE COMPLEX BREAK-IN In June 1972 five people were arrested inside the offices of the Democratic National Committee in the Watergate office complex in Washington. They were carrying wiretapping equipment, thus they were not just an ordinary robbers or burglars. The men were wearing surgical gloves and carried thousands of dollars in cash. The whole operation was carefully and professiona lly planned and was not an ordinary case of robbery. The press got right into investigating this case and Nixon had to make to make a claim that White House had nothing to do with this break into the headquarters of the Democratic Party. As was found later, the bugging was a part of the President’s Nixon’s re-election campaign. ... Two masterminds of the break-in were G.Gordon Liddy (who was fired from the committee only few days before the accident) and E. Howard Hunt, a White House consultant (who did not want to give his testimonies during the investigations, he was paid to keep silence). Both of them were former FBI and CIA agents. Other suspects were also agents of either FBI or CIA. Democrats have tried to bring this incident up in the White House and at Nixon’s re-election committee. The five men arrested, or so it seemed, had something to do with Cuba, and most of them were connected to CIA or FBI in some way. The Police confiscated the spying equipment these men carried with them as well as cash, total amount of which was $2,300. During the case of investigation it was determined that prior to the incident a check for a large sum of money was deposited to the banking account of one of the people, who participated and were arrested for the break-in, namely, to Bernard Baker. The finance chairman of the President’s re-election campaign could not provide any substantial explanation as to where the check came from, why and how it got to Mr. Baker or what was the purpose of it. Mr. Baker was trying to pretend the money got to him by accident, however, it was determined that he was well aware of this financial operation and withdrew large amount of money from his account. Some of that money was found on men who were arrested for break-in. All these evidence and more led former Democratic National Chairman Lawrence O’ Brien to file a civil suit against Nixon and his committee as well as five suspects on the ground of violation of constitutional rights of all Democrats. Mr. O’Brien stated that a special counsel to the President, Charles

Classroom philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Classroom philosophy - Essay Example Once the school calendar begins, students should be introduced to the teacher’s philosophy immediately to them time to orient with the changes if any have taken place. Teachers use classroom philosophy to develop management techniques in how to organize students and learning materials to enable effective and efficient learning. The aim of this discussion is to create a personal philosophy of classroom management aimed at improving the teaching practice and its goals. As a first time teacher or an experienced teacher, the start of a new school calendar, every teacher is faced with the aspect of meeting new students. The teacher is presented with the aspect of dealing with different personalities and attitudes apart from those they were used to in the preceding classes. A teacher should ensure that she makes it clear to the students of what is expected from them, and what the teacher needs to achieve this goal. The best way to go about this, is establishing a rapport with all the students if possible, and the best way to do this is through effective communication (Wong & Wong 128). According to Wong & Wong, this enables the teacher to be able set up ground rules in the classroom. Teachers should set out guidelines set in the ground rules on how to handle matters like indiscipline and misbehavior. When students are left in doubt of the teacher’s ability to carry out punishments in the event of indiscipline (DePalma 64), the authority structure is broken down. DePalma believes if the students suspect that the teacher is incapable of carrying out punishments for wrongful behavior; there will be a break down in authority and chances of truancy are increased. The best way to prevent this is to dispense the prescribed mode of punishment required for each wrongful deed committed. Teachers should strive to ensure that there is no breakdown in authority in their classrooms because it easier to maintain and enforce discipline than instilling it

Shearwater Case Study Essay Example for Free

Shearwater Case Study Essay Shearwater Adventures is an adventures tour operator in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe. It specializes in rafting, canoeing, and kayaking on the Zambezi River. This river is the fourth largest river in the African continent. The company grew to dominate the â€Å"Adventure† market in Victoria Falls. As a result of this expansion, Shearwater Adventures became the most well known adventure-tour operator in the continent of Africa. This expansion occurred while the company was under the leadership of Robert Allen who joined Shearwater ten years ago. He began as a photographer with friend Mark Davis taking pictures and videos of the rafting trips. He went on to become Chief Executive Officer (CEO) after Davis’ departure. Shearwater was number one in the market. Regardless of their dominance in the Victoria Falls area and their position as leaders in the market, Shearwater adventures had to face the competition. They had to continue dominating while maintaining their reputation as a successful and profitable outdoor adventures operators. To achieve their established goals, Allen Roberts and his management team created different strategies in order to compete efficiently and to maintain their leader position. QUESTION 1: The fundamental strategies in 2006: First of all, the company was counting on its name and reputation since the word of mouth played an important role in new sales. Also, the goal of the Shearwater Adventures was to achieve repeat bookings from satisfied customers, maximize profit and increase their market share. Shearwater Adventures established partnerships and acquisitions with leading Tour Operators such as Jenman African Safaris to boost their reputation and to gain business. Acquisitions that have increased their competitive scope and profitability in the long run. Advertising is obviously key to attracting tourists who are confused about their choice concerning an adventure activity. The continuation of an advertising program was primordial for the company. The fundamental fact of their success and strength that made the company is the level of differentiation. Indeed, in comparison to their competitors, Shearwater Adventures differentiate themselves by offering far more activities than the competitors. This allows customers to have a wide range of choices from rafting trips to lion encounters. Meanwhile, most competitors offer more or less 3 options: white water rafting, boating and elephant riding. By offering more than the competitors, Shearwater created a competitive advantage by bringing customers what competitors could not. As a result, Shearwater remains a leader in the market and competitors will have no other choice than to design and create a new adventure. Otherwise, they could also copy Shearwaters products and services. In addition to its several activities, Shearwater offers packages allowing customers to choose from a selection of activities for one price. Through a differentiation strategy, and by distinguishing itself, Shearwater obtained a competitive advantage. This allowed Roberts to maintain his position in the market. As a result of these strategies, from 2004 to 2006 the number of guests increased from 26,351 to 41,868 as well as the revenue. QUESTION 2: Perform a 5-forces analysis of Shearwater’s competitive environment. FORCE 1: Rivalry among competing sellers The industry is ranges from around $400 $500 million, however this industry is fragmented: that is to say, it is spread worldwide in relation to areas offering the chance to perform such activities. There are many competitors: Over 40 areas of activities (i. e. kayaking, safari trips, extreme sports). Locations are all over the world and there are over 250,000 operators that compete in the same â€Å"outdoor activity† market. Yet, operators, such as Shearwater, focus on the local level when it comes to competing. Zimbabwe’s political and economical instability. Though Zimbabwe’s tourism had declined by 75% and inflation was at 1,200% Shearwater continued to be the market leader in the area with an 80% share market. It had managed to increase sales by 22 and 39% percent in the last couple of years. Shearwater dominates in Victoria Falls and become the most well known adventure tour in all of Africa. Even though Shearwater is the leader, companies have partnered up in acquisitions, associations and networks with other businesses in order to increase their market share. Rivalry among competitors is high. FORCE 2: Threat of New Entry For small businesses to enter the industry, the cost may be as low as $20,000 for a single activity operation. For larger, full-service operations a large entry cost of $200,000 is estimated. It may be difficult to start an operation in the U. S. because of cost of permits and government, state or municipal regulations. However, installing a new company is Southern Africa (for example Zimbabwe and other surrounding countries) is quite feasible for new operators in the market. We must continue to take into consideration the current economical and political instability of Zimbabwe for those organizations attempting to enter this market There is a certain â€Å"Experience Curve† path that a new company may experience. It is important for management to be thoroughly aware of every detail concerning operations and financial matters, as well as the local market. This experience may take some time to acquire. On top of that, a new competitor should realize that it would be competing with other brands (especially Shearwater) that have an already established notoriety, a client list and advertising distributors. Threat of entry is relatively moderate. FORCE 3: Threat of Substitute Products This is an â€Å"Outdoors/ Extreme Activities† Market. The necessary ingredients to create this service involve irreplaceable factors such as: waterfalls, natural water rapids, mountains, fresh air, nature, scenery, etc. There are new activities that may be though of, however those would go directly into competition, and would not be considered as substitutes. Threat of Substitute Products is low. FORCE 4: Bargaining Power of Suppliers The nature of the service supplied is not a commodity, and cannot be reproduced or duplicated. Even though suppliers reach the 250,000 mark worldwide, these operators are vastly spread out concerning the nature of the activity. White water rafting for instance, requires a location with a water body, waterfalls, rapids, wild outdoors settings and beautiful sceneries, among other things. The company can only go as far as supplying the equipment needed to ride these waters. The only way operators may integrate backwards is if they decide to produce their own equipment and trained professionals. However, this would only be a good strategy if the costs were less than what they already pay to suppliers. Given the type of activity offered, there is a small chance of supply shortage. The Bargaining Power of Suppliers is moderately high. FORCE 5: Bargaining Power of Buyers The demand for this industry is moderately sized. The target age in the industry was from mid 40’s to early 50’s. These people had the drive to stay â€Å"young at heart† and the available income to fulfill these desires. Until recently, the media has created an awareness of adventurous locations, and their desire to explore them increased. They may only integrate backwards by buying their own equipment and training themselves on outdoor skills. However, since most of the consumers are over the age of 40, this seems to be a bit of a challenge. Although Shearwater advertised locally and partnering with tour operators, the local community seems to have a certain amount of power over the promotion of this company. It has progressively gained notoriety, and Roberts should be mindful that should he upset the community, they may bad mouth his business. The Bargaining Power of Buyers is moderate. QUESTION 3: What are the KSFs for competing in the Extreme Adventure Sporting Industry? There are several variables that have had a direct impact on the effectiveness of Shearwater’s business. The specific factors that underlie the success of Shearwater Adventures are: Brand Recognition: The company relied on its name to achieve their goal of repeat bookings, and cooperation with other companies (e. g. tour operators) for cross-selling opportunities could offer them a higher probability to gain exposure and business. Strong Leadership ; Management: Mike Davis and Allen Roberts were excellent entrepreneurs. Their leadership, particularly Roberts’ role as Shearwater’s CEO after Davis left, played a critical role in enabling Shearwater to dominate the outdoor adventure market. Favorable Destination: Opening an outdoor adventure company in the United States is difficult due to the cost of permits, so opening an adventure operation in South Africa was more attractive and cost-effective. Strategic Partnerships: Strategic partnerships played an important role in Shearwater’s successful growth, since â€Å"Industry leaders were partnering through acquisitions, organized associations, and reseller networks in order to increase repeat bookings from satisfied customers. † Strategic Advertising ; Marketing: Their goal was to target and direct customers at the start of their vacation. Shearwater engaged in intense local advertising to attract a large number of newly arriving tourists who had not chosen an adventure. This allowed it to attract a large share of newly arriving, non-committed tourists. Variety of Activities Offered: Larger variety of outdoor adventures activities was a strong differentiation for Shearwater. Most competitors had a limited number of activities, making Shearwater superior in the local market. Companies that could offer a variety of activities had a much higher probability of gaining repeat business. Pricing Strategy: Bundling activities that allowed customers to choose from a selection of activities for one price was highly attractive and added to the company’s value and success. Cross-Selling Opportunities: Shearwater’s expansion into related business activities, like tourist transportation, lodging, and video ; photos, allowed the company to cross-sell and increase its sales revenue through these related business segments. Community Support: Support from locals was also an important reason for the company’s success, as it added credibility to the company. It enabled smooth operations for Shearwater, increased its reputation, and thus increasing its strength in the industry. Skilled ; Qualified Team: Through Allen Roberts’ leadership, he continued to build a solid management team due to his knack for attracting the right person for the right job. These 10 Key Success Factors have contributed to the growth and success of Shearwater Adventures, and has continued to make them a current market leader in the outdoor adventures industry in the Victoria Falls area. 4. SWOT Analysis Strengths: Located in the touristic area of the Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe Shearwater is considered to be the giant leader of the area (with 80% market share), in fact leader of all Africa Company driven by a knowledgeable and experienced anager, Allen Roberts â€Å"Industry image†, extreme sports are seen as a way to enjoy time away from hectic lives (average age of customers between 40s and 50s) Shearwater Adventures LTD. offers a wider range of activities then competitors (at least 11 activities against 3 for competitors) Possibility to organize both individual trips and packages (e. g. â€Å"Ticket to Adventure† package, where you can make huge savings and choose what you want to do and when) Strong local level awareness, â€Å"Word Of Mouth† has helped increase sales Entertainment Media helps increase popularity of the industry (Fear Factor, ESPN, Survivor etc. Improved equipment quality Weaknesses: Although Shearwater Adventures have 80% of the market share, competition is tough enough for company to worry about continuing market domination while maintaining its reputation as a â€Å"successful outdoor adventures operator† The company clearly has a tight budget, â€Å"Roberts and his management team had already cut Shearwater’s expenses to the bone and had given up their company cars for motorbikes† (p. paragraph 3) Weak global level awareness, as companies looked to grow their market share and increase customer base on a local level (global level seemed ore of an obstacle) It appears that outdoor activities companies must deal with aging equipment and older owners when company reaches its maturity Opportunities: The Shearwater Adventures LTD. can link up with international travel companies for purposes such as gaining international awareness and prepaid guaranteed reservation Implement a better advertising plan for re peat bookings and cross-selling Maybe the business should consider acquiring other companies? Creating a new venture to attract a younger crowd Threats: Zimbabwe’s economical and political instability has caused a 75% decrease of the country’s tourism and inflation was 1200% causing prices to double every 22 days Competitors might offer a wider range of activities as it is relatively inexpensive and there are enough ventures to copy Shearwater or add new adventures 5. Provide recommendations concerning Shearwaters future strategy As we know Shearwater is already the leading company in the adventure/extreme industry for the contient, logically, the main question will be how to improve when you are already the number one or at least, how to stay number one? Buying Companies the idea of buying companies was from Allen Roberts himself and was, from my point of view, one of the most intresting. Buying companies allow you to kill the competition (within the area) and in the meantime to increase your market share by absorbing the competitors. In the other hand Shearwater will need a substantial amount of money for this type of investments, money that they may not be able to collect. Despite the financial factors, integrating competitors to the company will allow Mr Roberts to create his own rivalry in the Victorias fall area, allowing to expend, generate more revenues while controlling the all business. Targeting Market Segment The actual targeted segment, people who are â€Å"mid 40s to early 50† are certainly interested in lion encounter or safary but maybe less by more extreme sports such as kayaking or rafting. By focusing on this market segment they completely forget generation who grew up witth that kind of sports. Enhance by the media and famous energy drinks ( https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=mFo-HKKOsXchd=1 ) adventure or extreme sports have become a very important trend for the 20-30 years old. It would be a shame to miss such an opportunity to increase the market share when the only effort you have to make is to make people aware of your complex. Developing the companys assets A wide range of activities, affordables prices, but do they really focus on the essential? People around 50 are attracted by this healthy way of living so why dont they develop a healthy/fitness programme. Mixing sports and dietetic/healthy food as it is the trend nowdays. This strategy is using the current assets of the company in a different way that could be a lot more appealing for customers. Worldwide vision Advertising on a local/national level would be useless for Shearwater as it is already recognize as the number one. What they neeed is a worldwide vision, let people know that they are providing one of the best experience in the adventur industry, and if people are not interested in sport why wont they come for the location in itself. The use of new type of communication such as facebook twitter or threw sponsors (Red bull, Monsters.. ) have already helped the cause of extreme sports and pointed out the fact that people are more than intrested in that kind of leisure. Be a precursor In every single industry, leading companies overcome difficulties by creating their own product and/or creating the demand. In the past few years a lot of new sports have immerged, creating one, could be the chance of an international recognition and healthy finance. Their status of number one is not immutable, they should use their monopoly on the market to create what they think would be the adventure industry of tomorrow. As a reminder, the main question of the case study was â€Å"how to continue to dominate the market while maintaining the reputation as a successful outdoor adventures operator†. The difficulty of chosing a strategy is emphasis by their status of number one, with no comparable company all over the continent the only reasonable choice seems to completely create the wanted path. They got the recognition, the infrastructures as well as a strong leadership. By having a step ahead of the competitions they can maintain their reputation but for how long? To conclude, strenghen by their position, they should choke the competition by redifining what aventure industry means in their own words.

Free Siddhartha Essays: Wisdom is Difficult :: Hesse Siddhartha Essays

As human beings, we sometimes can not synchronize our minds and souls. When we are at our success of knowledge or intellect, we blind our mind with our ambition which comes along in reaching the knowledge or intellect. As a young brahmin, Siddhartha, has been taught that Brahmin is the soul of "Atman" or the 'Only One' (Chapter 1, page 5). It means that Brahmin is the highest position beside the Creator. This intellect alienates Siddhartha's 'Self'. He does not think that his superior's 'Self' will give him salvation. Siddhartha thinks his 'Self' conquers himself. He wants his 'Self" to die to find wisdom and spiritual knowledge. Rather than searching for his soul, Siddhartha attemps to destroy his 'Self' through suffering of Samanic asceticism. He sees that Samana's knowledge might lead him to his salvation. In page 11 chapter 2, we read: "...had one single goal--to become empty, to become empty of thirst, desire, dreams, pleasure and sorrow--to let the Self die. No longer to be Self, to experience the peace of an emptied heart, to experience pure thought..." Although Siddhartha does the scourge, he does not find his salvation. He quests his torment which is only escaped from the 'Self' for temporarily. Again, Siddhartha rejects and leaves the Samana ascetic knowledge. Siddhartha ends his knowledge quests: Brahminism, Samanic asceticism, and Buddhism. He turns to the use of his senses in finding his goal. His main goal is to be his 'Self'. His sense of 'being' is isolated by his knowledge. He realizes that he does not know his 'Self' which he has spent his life avoiding. He vows him self to explore the 'Self'. The second step of Siddhartha's journey is realizing that although he has knowledge, knowledge is not enough without experience. Experience can be gained through practicing knowledge. Also he realizes that thought and sense must be used together to find the way. He meets with Kamala whose beauty and intellegence overwhelms him. Kamala's observation and sensitiveness help Siddhartha to develop his sense of love. To paid for her lectur, he has his "think, wait, and fast"(chapter 5, page 46). With Kamala's help in another lecture, he gains the combination of the simplicity and intelegence. As he grows older, he makes a friend with Vasudeva, the river's man. Their life is near to the end of the harmonization of the universe.

Microprocessor and Interfacing

UNIT II- Peripherals and Interfacing PIO 8255 The parallel input-output port chip 8255 is also called as programmable peripheral input-output port. The Intel’s 8255 is designed for use with Intel’s 8-bit, 16-bit and higher capability microprocessors. It has 24 input/output lines which may be individually programmed in two groups of twelve lines each, or three groups of eight lines. The two groups of I/O pins are named as Group A and Group B. Each of these two groups contains a subgroup of eight I/O lines called as 8-bit port and another subgroup of four lines or a 4-bit port.Thus Group A contains an 8-bit port A along with a 4-bit port. C upper. PIO 8255 †¢ The port A lines are identified by symbols PA0-PA7 while the port C lines are identified as PC4-PC7. Similarly, GroupB contains an 8-bit port B, containing lines PB0-PB7 and 4-bit port C with lower bits PC0- PC3. The port C upper and port C lower can be used in combination as an 8-bitport C. †¢ Both the por t C are assigned the same address. Thus one may have either three 8-bit I/O ports or two 8-bit and two 4-bit ports from 8255. All of these ports can function independently either as input or as output ports.This can be achieved by programming the bits of an internal register of 8255 called as control word register ( CWR ). PIO 8255 †¢ The internal block diagram and the pin configuration of 8255 are shown in fig. †¢ The 8-bit data bus buffer is controlled by the read/write control logic. The read/write control logic manages all of the internal and external transfers of both data and control words. †¢ RD, WR, A1, A0 and RESET are the inputs provided by the microprocessor to the READ/ WRITE control logic of 8255. The 8-bit, 3-state bidirectional buffer is used to interface the 8255 internal data bus with the external system data bus.PIO 8255 †¢ This buffer receives or transmits data upon the execution of input or output instructions by the microprocessor. The contro l words or status information is also transferred through the buffer. †¢ The signal description of 8255 are briefly presented as follows : †¢ PA7-PA0: These are eight port A lines that acts as either latched output or buffered input lines depending upon the control word loaded into the control word register. †¢ PC7-PC4 : Upper nibble of port C lines. They may act as either output latches or input buffers lines. PIO 8255 This port also can be used for generation of handshake lines in mode 1 or mode 2. †¢ PC3-PC0 : These are the lower port C lines, other details are the same as PC7-PC4 lines. †¢ PB0-PB7 : These are the eight port B lines which are used as latched output lines or buffered input lines in the same way as port A. †¢ RD : This is the input line driven by the microprocessor and should be low to indicate read operation to 8255. †¢ WR : This is an input line driven by the microprocessor. A low on this line indicates write operation. PIO 8255 †¢ CS : This is a chip select line.If this line goes low, it enables the 8255 to respond to RD and WR signals, otherwise RD and WR signal are neglected. †¢ A1-A0 : These are the address input lines and are driven by the microprocessor. These lines A1-A0 with RD, WR and CS from the following operations for 8255. These address lines are used for addressing any one of the four registers, i. e. three ports and a control word register as given in table below. †¢ In case of 8086 systems, if the 8255 is to be interfaced with lower order data bus, the A0 and A1 pins of 8255 are connected with A1 and A2 respectively.RD 0 0 0 0 RD 1 1 1 1 RD X 1 WR 1 1 1 1 WR 0 0 0 0 WR X 1 CS 0 0 0 0 CS 0 0 0 0 CS 1 0 A1 0 0 1 1 A1 0 0 1 1 A1 X X A0 0 1 0 1 A0 0 1 0 1 A0 X X Input (Read) cycle Port A to Data bus Port B to Data bus Port C to Data bus CWR to Data bus Output (Write) cycle Data bus to Port A Data bus to Port B Data bus to Port C Data bus to CWR Function Data bus tristated Data bu s tristated Control Word Register PIO 8255. †¢ D0-D7 : These are the data bus lines those carry data or control word to/from the microprocessor. †¢ RESET : A logic high on this line clears the control word register of 8255.All ports are set as input ports by default after reset. Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture) ( cont.. ) †¢ 1. 2. 3. 4. †¢ It has a 40 pins of 4 groups. Data bus buffer Read Write control logic Group A and Group B controls Port A, B and C Data bus buffer: This is a tristate bidirectional buffer used to interface the 8255 to system databus. Data is transmitted or received by the buffer on execution of input or output instruction by the CPU. Control word and status information are also transferred through this unit. †¢ Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture) ( cont.. )Read/Write control logic: This unit accepts control signals ( RD, WR ) and also inputs from address bus and issues commands to individual group of control blocks ( Group A, Group B). †¢ It has the following pins. a) CS – Chipselect : A low on this PIN enables the communication between CPU and 8255. b) RD (Read) – A low on this pin enables the CPU to read the data in the ports or the status word through data bus buffer. †¢ Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture) ( cont.. ) WR ( Write ) : A low on this pin, the CPU can write data on to the ports or on to the control register through the data bus buffer. ) RESET: A high on this pin clears the control register and all ports are set to the input mode e) A0 and A1 ( Address pins ): These pins in conjunction with RD and WR pins control the selection of one of the 3 ports. †¢ Group A and Group B controls : These block receive control from the CPU and issues commands to their respective ports. c) Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture) ( cont.. ) †¢ Group A – PA and PCU ( PC7 -PC4) †¢ Group B – PCL ( PC3 – PC0) †¢ Control word register can only be written int o no read operation of the CW register is allowed. a) Port A: This has an 8 bit latched/buffered O/P and 8 bit input latch. It can be programmed in 3 modes – mode 0, mode 1, mode 2. b) Port B: This has an 8 bit latched / buffered O/P and 8 bit input latch. It can be programmed in mode 0, mode1. Block Diagram of 8255 (Architecture). c) Port C : This has an 8 bit latched input buffer and 8 bit out put latched/buffer. This port can be divided into two 4 bit ports and can be used as control signals for port A and port B. it can be programmed in mode 0. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ These are two basic modes of operation of 8255.I/O mode and Bit Set-Reset mode (BSR). †¢ In I/O mode, the 8255 ports work as programmable I/O ports, while in BSR mode only port C (PC0-PC7) can be used to set or reset its individual port bits. †¢ Under the I/O mode of operation, further there are three modes of operation of 8255, so as to support different types of applications, mode 0, mode 1 and mode 2. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ BSR Mode: In this mode any of the 8-bits of port C can be set or reset depending on D0 of the control word. The bit to be set or reset is selected by bit select flags D3, D2 and D 1 of the CWR as given in table. I/O Modes : a) Mode 0 ( Basic I/O mode ): This mode is also called as basic input/output mode. This mode provides simple input and output capabilities using each of the three ports. Data can be simply read from and written to the input and output ports respectively, after appropriate initialisation. D3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 D2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 D1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Selected bits of port C D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 BSR Mode : CWR Format PA 8 2 5 5 PCU PCL PA6 – PA7 PC4 – PC7 PC0-PC3 PB PB0 – PB7 8 2 5 5 PA PCU PCL PB PA PC PB0 – PB7 All Output Port A and Port C acting as O/P. Port B acting as I/PMode 0 Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ 1. The salient features of this mode are a s listed below: Two 8-bit ports ( port A and port B )and two 4-bit ports (port C upper and lower ) are available. The two 4-bit ports can be combinedly used as a third 8-bit port. Any port can be used as an input or output port. Output ports are latched. Input ports are not latched. A maximum of four ports are available so that overall 16 I/O configuration are possible. All these modes can be selected by programming a register internal to 8255 known as CWR. 2. 3. 4. †¢ Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. †¢ The control word register has two formats. The first format is valid for I/O modes of operation, i. e. modes 0, mode 1 and mode 2 while the second format is valid for bit set/reset (BSR) mode of operation. These formats are shown in following fig. D7 1 D6 X D5 X D4 X D3 D2 D1 D0 0- Reset 0-for BSR mode Bit select flags D3, D2, D1 are from 000 to 111 for bits PC0 TO PC71- Set I/O Mode Control Word Register Format and BSR Mode Control Word Register Format PA3 PA2 PA1 PA0 R D CS GND A1 A0 PC7 PC6 PC5 PC4 PC0 PC1 PC2 PC3 PB0 PB1 PB2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 0 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 PA4 PA5 PA6 PA7 WR Reset D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Vcc PB7 PB6 PB5 PB4 PB3 8255A 8255A Pin Configuration = D0-D7 CS RESET 8255A A0 A1 RD PA0-PA7 PC4-PC7 PC0-PC3 PB0-PB7 Vcc WR GND Signals of 8255 3 Group A control 1 D0-D7 Data bus Buffer 8 bit int data bus 4 Group A Port A(8) PA0-PA7 Group A Port C upper(4) Group B Port C Lower(4) PC7-PC4 PC0-PC3 2 RD WR A0 A1 RESET CS Block Diagram of 8255 READ/ WRITE Control Logic Group B control PB7-PB0 Group B Port B(8) D7 D6 D5 Mode for Port A D4 PA D3 PC U D2 Mode for PB D1 PB D0 PC LMode Set flag 1- active 0- BSR mode Group – A 1 Input PC u 0 Output 1 Input PA 0 Output 00 – mode 0 Mode 01 – mode 1 Select of PA 10 – mode 2 Group – B PCL PB Mode Select 1 Input 0 Output 1 Input 0 Output 0 mode- 0 1 mode- 1 Control Word Format of 8255 Modes of Oper ation of 8255 (cont.. ) b) Mode 1: ( Strobed input/output mode ) In this mode the handshaking control the input and output action of the specified port. Port C lines PC0-PC2, provide strobe or handshake lines for port B. This group which includes port B and PC0-PC2 is called as group B for Strobed data input/output. Port C lines PC3-PC5 provide strobe lines for port A.This group including port A and PC3-PC5 from group A. Thus port C is utilized for generating handshake signals. The salient features of mode 1 are listed as follows: Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) 1. 2. 3. 4. Two groups – group A and group B are available for strobed data transfer. Each group contains one 8-bit data I/O port and one 4-bit control/data port. The 8-bit data port can be either used as input and output port. The inputs and outputs both are latched. Out of 8-bit port C, PC0-PC2 are used to generate control signals for port B and PC3-PC5 are used to generate control signals for port A. he lines PC6, PC7 may be used as independent data lines. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ The control signals for both the groups in input and output modes are explained as follows: Input control signal definitions (mode 1 ): †¢ STB( Strobe input ) – If this lines falls to logic low level, the data available at 8-bit input port is loaded into input latches. †¢ IBF ( Input buffer full ) – If this signal rises to logic 1, it indicates that data has been loaded into latches, i. e. it works as an acknowledgement. IBF is set by a low on STB and is reset by the rising edge of RD input.Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ INTR ( Interrupt request ) – This active high output signal can be used to interrupt the CPU whenever an input device requests the service. INTR is set by a high STB pin and a high at IBF pin. INTE is an internal flag that can be controlled by the bit set/reset mode of either PC4 (INTEA) or PC2(INTEB) as shown in fig. †¢ INTR is reset by a falling edge of RD input. Thus an external input device can be request the service of the processor by putting the data on the bus and sending the strobe signal. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. Output control signal definitions (mode 1) : †¢ OBF (Output buffer full ) – This status signal, whenever falls to low, indicates that CPU has written data to the specified output port. The OBF flip-flop will be set by a rising edge of WR signal and reset by a low going edge at the ACK input. †¢ ACK ( Acknowledge input ) – ACK signal acts as an acknowledgement to be given by an output device. ACK signal, whenever low, informs the CPU that the data transferred by the CPU to the output device through the port is received by the output device.Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ INTR ( Interrupt request ) – Thus an output signal that can be used to interrupt the CPU when an output device acknowledges the data received from the CPU. INTR is set when ACK, OBF and INTE are 1. It is reset by a falling edge on WR input. The INTEA and INTEB flags are controlled by the bit set-reset mode of PC 6and PC2 respectively. 1 0 1 0 Input control signal definitions in Mode 1 1/0 X X X 1 X X X X 1 1 X D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 – Input 0 – Output For PC6 – PC7 PA0 – PA7 INTEA PC4 PC5 STBA IBFA D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0PB0 – PB7 INTEB PC 2 PC1 STBB IBFB PC3 RD PC6 – PC7 INTRA I/O PC0 INTR A Mode 1 Control Word Group A I/P RD Mode 1 Control Word Group B I/P STB IBF INTR RD DATA from Peripheral Mode 1 Strobed Input Data Transfer WR OBF INTR ACK Data OP to Port Mode 1 Strobed Data Output Output control signal definitions Mode 1 1 0 1 0 1/0 X X X 1 X X X X 1 0 X D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 1 – Input 0 – Output For PC4 – PC5 PA0 – PA7 INTEA PC7 PC6 OBF ACKA D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 PB0 PB7 INTEB PC PC2 1 OBFB ACKB PC3 WR PC4 – PC5 PC0 INTRA I/O INTRB Mode 1 Control Word Gr oup AMode 1 Control Word Group B Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ Mode 2 ( Strobed bidirectional I/O ): This mode of operation of 8255 is also called as strobed bidirectional I/O. This mode of operation provides 8255 with an additional features for communicating with a peripheral device on an 8-bit data bus. Handshaking signals are provided to maintain proper data flow and synchronization between the data transmitter and receiver. The interrupt generation and other functions are similar to mode 1. †¢ In this mode, 8255 is a bidirectional 8-bit port with handshake signals.The RD and WR signals decide whether the 8255 is going to operate as an input port or output port. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The Salient features of Mode 2 of 8255 are listed as follows: The single 8-bit port in group A is available. The 8-bit port is bidirectional and additionally a 5-bit control port is available. Three I/O lines are available at port C. ( PC2 â⠂¬â€œ PC0 ) Inputs and outputs are both latched. The 5-bit control port C (PC3-PC7) is used for generating / accepting handshake signals for the 8-bit data transfer on port A.Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ Control signal definitions in mode 2: †¢ INTR – (Interrupt request) As in mode 1, this control signal is active high and is used to interrupt the microprocessor to ask for transfer of the next data byte to/from it. This signal is used for input ( read ) as well as output ( write ) operations. †¢ Control Signals for Output operations: †¢ OBF ( Output buffer full ) – This signal, when falls to low level, indicates that the CPU has written data to port A. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) ACK ( Acknowledge ) This control input, when falls to logic low level, acknowledges that the previous data byte is received by the destination and next byte may be sent by the processor. This signal enables the internal tristate buffers to send the next data byte on port A. †¢ INTE1 ( A flag associated with OBF ) This can be controlled by bit set/reset mode with PC6 . †¢ Control signals for input operations : †¢ STB (Strobe input ) A low on this line is used to strobe in the data into the input latches of 8255. Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ IBF ( Input buffer full ) When the data is loaded into input buffer, this ignal rises to logic ‘1’. This can be used as an acknowledge that the data has been received by the receiver. †¢ The waveforms in fig show the operation in Mode 2 for output as well as input port. †¢ Note: WR must occur before ACK and STB must be activated before RD. WR OBF INTR ACK STB IBF Data bus RD Mode 2 Bidirectional Data Transfer Data from 8085 Data towards 8255 Modes of Operation of 8255 (cont.. ) †¢ The following fig shows a schematic diagram containing an 8-bit bidirectional port, 5-bit control port and the relation of INTR with the control pins. Port B ca n either be set to Mode 0 or 1 with port A( Group A ) is in Mode 2. Mode 2 is not available for port B. The following fig shows the control word. †¢ The INTR goes high only if either IBF, INTE2, STB and RD go high or OBF, INTE1, ACK and WR go high. The port C can be read to know the status of the peripheral device, in terms of the control signals, using the normal I/O instructions. D7 1 D6 1 D5 X D4 X D3 X D2 1/0 D1 1/0 D0 1/0 1/0 mode Port A mode 2 Port B mode 0-mode 0 1- mode 1 PC2 – PC0 1 – Input 0 – Output Port B 1- I/P 0-O/P Mode 2 control word PC3 PA0-PA7 INTR INTE 1 PC7 PC6 OBF ACK STB IBF 3 I/O INTE 2 RD WR PC4 PC5 Mode 2 pins

Spring exam

First Line Managers – supervise people who perform non-managerial duties Middle Managers – oversee the work of large departments or divisions Top Managers – guide the performance of the organization as a whole or of one of its major parts Governance – is the oversight of top management by a board of directors or a board of trustees Accountability – is the requirement so show performance results too supervisor The upside-Down Pyramid – view puts customers at the top of the organization by being served by workers who are supported by the managers below them Social Capital – Is the capacity to attract support and help from others In order to get things done. Emotional Intelligence – Is the ability to manage ourselves and our relationships effectively Conceptual Skill – Is the ability to think analytically and solve complex problems 1 . Self-Awareness ? understanding moods and emotions 2. Self-Regulation – thinking bef ore acting; controlling disruptive impulses 3. Motivation – working hard and persevering 4. Empathy – understanding the emotions of others 5.Social Skills – gaining rapport and building good relationships Global Sourcing – involves contracting for work that is performed in other countries Corporate Governance – is the oversight of a company's management by a board of directors Glass Ceiling Effect – an invisible barrier limiting career advancement of women and minorities Intellectual Capital – is the collective brainpower or shared knowledge of a workforce (Competency x Commitment = Intellectual Capital) Self-Management – is the ability to understand oneself, exercise initiative, accept responsibility and learn from experience ME – Chi. Critical Thinking – the ability to perceive situations, gather and interpret relevant information, and make decisions Sustainable Competitive Advantage – is an ability to ou tperform rivals in ways that are difficult to imitate Corporate Strategy – sets long- term direction for the total enterprise Business Strategy – identifies how a division or strategic business unit will compete in its product or service domain Functional Strategy – guides activities within one specific area of operations Growth Through Concentration – means expansion within an existing business area Growth ThroughDiversification – means expansion by entering related or new business areas Growth Through Vertical Integration – occurs by acquiring suppliers or distributors Retrenchment Strategy – changes operations to correct weaknesses Liquation – occurs when a business sells Its assets to pay creditors Restructuring – reduces the scale or mix of operations Divestiture – Involves selling off parts of the organization to refocus attention on core business areas Strategic Alliance – organizations Join together In partnership to pursue an area of mutual interest Co-petition – is the strategy of working with rivals n projects of mutual benefit business Strategy -strategically uses the internet to gain competitive advantage Scrounging – is strategic use of the internet to engage customers and potential customers in providing opinions and suggestions on implementing strategies Differentiation Strategy – offers products that are unique and different from those of the competition Cost Leadership Strategy – seeks to operate with lower costs than competitors Focused Differentiation Strategy – offers a unique product to a special market segment Focused Cost Leadership Strategy – seeks the lowest costs of operations within a special market segment Strategic Leadership – inspires people to implement organizational strategies Strategic Control – makes sure strategies are scrapped or changed ME – Chi. 9 Colonization – is the proces s through which new members learn the culture of an organization Observable Culture – is what you see and hear when walking around an organization Core Culture – is found in the underlying values of the organization Symbolic Leader – uses language and symbols and actions to establish and maintain a desired organizational culture.

Free Essays on Sickle Cell

What is sickle cell anemia? Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease of red blood cells. Normally red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin A, which carries oxygen to all the organs in the body. With sickle cell anemia, however, the body makes a different kind of protein, called hemoglobin S. The problem is that when a red blood cell with hemoglobin S releases oxygen, the cell changes from the usual doughnut shape to a sickle or S shape, and becomes stiff rather than soft and flexible like normal red blood cells. This "sickled cell," which resembles a crescent moon, can't continue to glide through the small blood vessels as usual. Instead, it gets stuck in the tiny blood vessels, blocking the flow of blood and causing pain. The spleen, an organ on the left side of the abdomen across from the liver, is responsible for filtering the blood for infections and other abnormalities. Normal red blood cells can change shape and squeeze through this filter, but sickled cells get stuck and cannot recirculate through the body, so that the number of circulating blood cells goes down. Meanwhile, the bone marrow, where red blood cells are made, pitches in by making more cells. It can't keep up with the destruction, though, so the total number of red blood cells drops to a low level and the body becomes anemic. ("Anemic" is the medical word for having a low number of red blood cells.)... Free Essays on Sickle Cell Free Essays on Sickle Cell What is sickle cell anemia? Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease of red blood cells. Normally red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin A, which carries oxygen to all the organs in the body. With sickle cell anemia, however, the body makes a different kind of protein, called hemoglobin S. The problem is that when a red blood cell with hemoglobin S releases oxygen, the cell changes from the usual doughnut shape to a sickle or S shape, and becomes stiff rather than soft and flexible like normal red blood cells. This "sickled cell," which resembles a crescent moon, can't continue to glide through the small blood vessels as usual. Instead, it gets stuck in the tiny blood vessels, blocking the flow of blood and causing pain. The spleen, an organ on the left side of the abdomen across from the liver, is responsible for filtering the blood for infections and other abnormalities. Normal red blood cells can change shape and squeeze through this filter, but sickled cells get stuck and cannot recirculate through the body, so that the number of circulating blood cells goes down. Meanwhile, the bone marrow, where red blood cells are made, pitches in by making more cells. It can't keep up with the destruction, though, so the total number of red blood cells drops to a low level and the body becomes anemic. ("Anemic" is the medical word for having a low number of red blood cells.)...

Shifting Meaning of Censor

Shifting Meaning of Censor Shifting Meaning of Censor Shifting Meaning of Censor By Maeve Maddox The English word censor is used both as a noun and as a verb. In ancient Rome, a censor was one of two magistrates in charge of the census, the enrollment of the names and property assessments of all Roman citizens. Both census and censor derive from Latin censere, to appraise, value, judge. In addition to maintaining census records, the Roman censors were in charge of supervising public morality. During wartime, military censors are appointed to read the letters of service personnel to insure that no information about troop movements can be intercepted by the enemy. Some modern countries have official censors whose duty is to inspect all books and movies before publication or release to ensure that they dont contain anything offensive to the government or the established religion. India, for example, has the Central Board of Film Certification that reviews, rates, and censors motion pictures, television shows, television ads, and promotional material. Before the current classification system of G, PG, PG-23, R, and NC-17 was established in 1968, the United States motion picture industry was subject to the Motion Picture Production Code for controlling movie content and advertising. Unofficially, many groups and individuals exert themselves as self-appointed censors of the public morality, working to ban books from libraries, or objectionable CDs and magazines from store shelves. The usual meaning of censor as a verb is to suppress or remove those parts of a written work or film that are considered unacceptable for some reason. For example, in the 19th century, a bowdlerized edition of Shakespeares plays was published without such naughty parts as the porters scene in Macbeth. In the 21st century, an overzealous college professor has produced a censored edition of Huckleberry Finn. One normally censors a thing, but Im beginning to notice the word being used of people, as if it meant limiting the behavior of: Croteau and Hoynesdescribe managers censoring their employees In truth, it is totally up to the parent to censor their children to what they read and watch. Dont Censor Me (song title) I found one writer using the word censor as if it could connote magical powers of elimination: How can I censor The Epic of Gilgamesh from existing? [] How can I take this book out from my local libraries so that no one can read it The development of filtering software, often referred to as censorware, probably has something to do the shift from a thing as the object of censor to a person as the object. Censorware prevents computer users from seeing certain types of content in a browser. The software is censoring content, but from the users perspective, the users freedom of choice is being interfered with. Not surprisingly, the word censor is coming to mean something like control. Bottom line: Parents may censor the type of music their children listen to, but they dont censor their children. Corporations may censor the speech of their employees, but they dont censor the employees. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadDifference between "Pressing" and "Ironing"Is "Number" Singular or Plural?