History Of Managed Care And Health Maintenance Organizations

Those of us who have served in the Military a very familiar with managed care, we may not totally understand the concept of managed cared but are recipients of it daily. Unless there is a heated political debate about health care reform we usually don’t worry about health care reform. Health care cost is not something that we worry about; after all the government takes care of all our medical needs, even when we are seen out on the economy. The only time we might the troubles of health cost might visit our door steps occur when family members decided to see an out of network provider, we are them held accountable for paying medical bills. What I failed to realize during my time on active duty, Tricare is just another form of a managed care program. In this essay we will explore the history of managed care and Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs). Additional, we’ll take a look at how managed came about, and the future of managed care and health care reform in th e U.S. What is managed care and where did it come from? According to Medicaid. Gov, â€Å"managed care is a health care delivery system organized to managed cost, utilization, and quality† (Medicaid.gov, 2014). The begins of managed care can be dated back to 1910, consumers paid $.50 a month for medical care. During this time there weren’t checks and balances nor were there governing agency to ensure equal care to control health care cost. 20 years later Dr. Michael Shadid led farmers in the establishment of aShow MoreRelatedHow Managed Care Is A System834 Words   |  4 Pages Managed care is a system that puts together the financing and delivery of apposite health care by means of an all-inclusive set of services (Docteur, E., Oxley, H. 2003). Although, managed care can be considered an expansive term that covers many form of organizations and insurance alternative that includes †¢ Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs), that provides a wide-ranging option of services, over a period f time and at a fixed rate. †¢ Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs), that consistRead MoreSignificant Event in Health Care792 Words   |  4 PagesSignificant Health Care Event Linda B. Conner, RN, BSN HCS/531 October 13, 2014 Dale Mueller Significant Health Care Event The health care system in the United States has been growing and changing for years and will continue to do so for years to come. The one constant in the Unite States health care system is change and evolution through evaluations of those changes. If there had not been unrest with the level and provisions of care in the early 1970s Managed Care may have never been introducedRead MoreThe Managed Health Care System1678 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The managed health care system is a complex process that must align financial incentives and goals. Therefore, managed care is thought of as a complex puzzle that once one piece is moved it will affect the outcomes of the rest of the system (Boyd Finamn, 2010). As a result, it is essential that the managed care organization have the ability to align its financial incentives with the goals of all parties involved, such as the providers who deliver healthcare services and the health insuranceRead MoreThe Iron Triangle For Healthcare1320 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristics when balanced create great healthcare. Managed Care Organizations combine the three to offer consumers with care that is appropriate for their individual needs. Our book describes managed care organizations as â€Å"the cost management of healthcare services by controlling who the consumer sees and how much the service cost† (Basics of the U.S Healthcare System, Niles). Taking a look at the history prior to the Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973 (HMO ACT of 1973) the implementationRead MoreEvolution Of Managed Care And The Forces That Have Driven Its Evolution1228 Words   |  5 PagesDescribe the evolution of managed care and the forces that have driven its evolution. Managed care and its competition is being viewed to solve their issue on the struggle to control rising health care costs. Managed care can be defined a system of delivering health services in which care is delivered by a specified network of providers who agree to comply with the care approaches established through a case management process. Managed care has a one hundred years of history in the United States,Read MoreManaged Care Term Paper1457 Words   |  6 PagesU.S. Health Care Delivery System Term Paper Margarita Blanco March.29th, 2010 Managed care was started as early as the 1900’s, the cited pioneer of the structured system of care that is known today as â€Å"Managed Care† is Dr. Michael Shadid. His goal was to help meet the health care needs of a certain groups of people. Such as: rural residents, workers and families in the lumber, mining and railroad industries; theRead MoreSignificant Health Care Event - Managed Care1489 Words   |  6 PagesSignificant Health Care Event - Managed Care Health care has grown and evolved over the centuries from haphazard treatment based on tradition and superstition that often times did more harm than good, to a system that is able to preserve life in situations where life was previously believed to be unsustainable as recently as just 50 years ago. The concept of managed health care began over 100 years ago as a means by which medical care could be provided to injured workers, but has undergone majorRead MoreBeing An American Guarantees The Right And Responsibility1370 Words   |  6 Pagesright and responsibility of having Health Insurance. Whether you have Health Insurance coverage through your job, spouse, serving in the military, it is very critical in this day in age, a person to have some kind of coverage. There are many types of Insurance you may receive and different types of organizations, such as a Preferred Plan Organization, or Health Maintenance Organization. They type of Insurance you receive is your decision as wel l. The history of Health Insurance beings with its revolutionRead MoreMental Illness and Health Care for the Mentally Ill Essay1216 Words   |  5 Pageslong-term trend wherein fewer people reside as patients in mental hospitals and fewer mental health treatments are delivered in public hospitals. This trend is directly due to the process of closing public hospitals and the ensuring transfers of patients to community-based Mental health services in the late twentieth century. Deinstitutionalization, occurring sometime afterWWII, was a progression in history, which allowed for the reformation movement of mental illness hospitals (Mental, 2008). WithRead MoreThe Evolution Of Health Care861 Words   |  4 PagesThe evolution of health care has influenced current health care systems using insurance companies in a number of ways. This evolution started almost a decade ago when there was need to transform the organization of health care system. Retail clinics have emerged to offer routi ne preventative and acute care services by non-physician providers, with predictable wait times, more convenient venues, and more obtainable prices. This article evaluates the evolution of the health care system and examines

What Is Language Devoid Of The Social Context Of Its...

To make language devoid of the social context of its creation and use is to dislocate it from which it derives its meanings. Thus ridding it of its use with the only benefit of understanding what it is made up of. However, understanding what language is made of and understanding how to use it are two different things, neither of which will give you a complete understanding of language on its own. Using Gardner’s analogy of language being like a fish you dissect as well as observe within its habitat, to view language as devoid of its social context is to remove the fish from the ocean, the environment in which is serves its purpose. In order to understand what forms it, however, removal and dissection is necessary. Unfortunately, neither†¦show more content†¦An opposing argument would be that one’s thoughts aren’t necessarily used to communicate and yet they still use language. People talk like others and still each of us has our own unique style (Bakhtin , as cited in Gee and Hayes 2011, pg. 7). Our immediate surroundings in the early stages of development shape the language we learn to speak first. Looking at Darwin’s theory of evolution (1859, cited in O’Neil 2013, para. 20) and how the finches from the Galapagos Islands were all divergences of their ancestral species, the language which we develop from our social and cultural backgrounds evolves (obviously in a much faster process than that of the finches). This is the way language changes and yet remains the same. After studying language development in children, Michael Halliday identified seven functions it had for them. The first four help satisfy physical need and the last three help them understand the environment. â€Å"Language is a communal resource from which we all beg borrow and steal† (Gee and Hayes, 2011, pg. 7). It has also been suggested by Gee and Hayes (2011) that it would be highly likely that all human language developed from one original language. We can see a similar idea in Minna Sundberg’s illustration of the Old World Language Families tree, where Indo-European branched off to European, which then branched off to Germanic, West Germanic, Anglo-Frisian and finally English. Even in the book of Genesis it is written that â€Å"the whole word hadShow MoreRelatedAssignment One. ‘†¦.To View Language As Though It Were An1248 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment One ‘†¦.to view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creation and use, is to dislocate it from the field of human interaction within which language derives the full quality of its meanings†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Grugeon and Gardner 2000: 105) Introduction In this essay we will look at different perspectives of language viewed as an object devoid of the social context of its creation and use. However, language becomes truly meaningful only when it’s combined with humanRead MoreLanguage Cannot Be Devoid Of The Social Context Of Its1844 Words   |  8 PagesLanguage cannot be devoid of the social context of its creation and use, as this would dislocate it from the field of human interaction, within which language derives the full quality of its meaning. Social context of language is the way in which we understand novels, stories, conversations and other people; as it is embedded in everything about the ways in which we communicate. To view language in the absence of social context creates significant limitations in its real-world application. The reasonRead MoreTo View Language As Though It Were An Object, Devoid Of1959 Words   |  8 PagesTo view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creatio n and use, is to dislocate it from the field of human interaction within which language derives the full quality of its meanings. What is language? What makes the English language the most difficult to learn? Language is presented as an object purely through itself, which in turn leads to a problem. The base on how to use language to communicate through Lexis and Syntax, then each subheading of how to communicateRead MoreEnglish Through Social Context Within The Field Of Human Interaction1939 Words   |  8 Pages Language must be considered within its context or it will cease to be useful or meaningful. ‘†¦.to view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creation and use, is to dislocate it from the field of human interaction within which language derives the full quality of its meanings†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Grugeon and Gardner, (2000) make a bold statement. However, once the individual investigates the origins of English and how it has adapted, not only through time but how much the sameRead MoreThe Difference Between A Stranger And A Friend1843 Words   |  8 Pagesfriend is a story† (Pinto, 2014) such is the power of language and storytelling. Language is more than a verbal interaction or text written on a page, as it impacts our very human existence on a daily basis. It creates relationships, facilitates learning and crosses cultural divides. The statement by Grugeon and Gardner (2000) clearly states that language cannot be viewed in isolation, devoid of any social context. The learning of language and literacy requires both elements of structured grammarRead MoreLanguage As An Object, Devoid Of The Social Context Of Its Creation And Use1800 Words   |  8 PagesAssignment 1 To view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creation and use, is to dislocate it from the field of human interaction within which language derives the full quality of its meanings Language, what is language, there isn’t a simple definition for language. People always describes language as, words, or as sounds use to convey messages between people. Yet language is much more than that, there is so much meaning behind it. Language is a living breathingRead MoreAssignment One. â€Å"To View Language As Though It Were An1794 Words   |  8 PagesAssignment One â€Å"to view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creation and use, is to dislocate it from the field of human interaction within which language derives the full quality of its meanings†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Grugeon and Gardner 2000: 105) Language is a mixed bag of contradictions which all of society use to address the specific needs of their group. A teacher’s role is extreme in the process of understanding language. It is not enough to merely consider theRead MoreAssignment One. ‘†¦.To View Language As Though It Were An1870 Words   |  8 Pages Assignment One ‘†¦.to view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creation and use, is to dislocate it from the field of human interaction within which language derives the full quality of its meanings†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Grugeon and Gardner 2000: 105) Language is a fundamental part of everyday life. Thinking of language as an object implies that it is nothing more than neutral words arranged in a formula or code, which can be interchanged with other words to form new meaningRead MoreA Report On Le Corbusier s Esprit Nouveau, And Several Of These Were Collected And Published Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesthe word ‘still’ within its phrasing. Thus, it is useful to investigate the nature of its relevance at its time of publication almost a century ago. A major reason for the widespread reception of Le Corbusier’s ideas can be found in his country’s social conditions during the interwar years. Towards a New Architecture was launched into a France that was experiencing an acute housing shortage. The Paris agglomeration, after drawing in over 350,000 migrants between 1911 and 1921 largely for the warRead MorePolitics and The English Language: George Orwell ´s Literature3705 Words   |  15 Pagesgreates t social commentators of modern history. The thesis which spans over the body of Orwell’s work extrapolates upon the integral influence that writing has on society and to reinstate the integrity of the writer. Orwell’s essays have sparked a plethora of adverse and auxiliary opinions regarding the imperishability of his work, from those whom believe that his efforts are archaic, to those who believe that his craftsmanship of language addresses issues which had once been hidden. No matter what side

The Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan Essay - 2289 Words

This article was written by Amy Tan, who is an English major and an author. Tan originally spoke about this topic at a group discussion about her book, The Joy Luck Club and later turned it into an essay for The Threepenny Review. She wrote this article to explain to writers everywhere that there are many different styles of English and that even someone who has majored in English and has published works can speak unconventional English. In â€Å"Mother Tongue† from The WakeTech Reader, Amy Tan (1989) examines the different versions of English that she finds herself using in different situations as well as the English her mother uses and how her mother’s version of English has a major impact on the way her mother is treated by strangers. Tan begins by emphasizing her lack of expertise in the English language, offering her opinions instead. She proceeds by telling the reader about her love interest for language in addition to the way language has become a basic function of everyday life. She then distinguishes the different types of English she uses by introducing us to her first version of English, which she uses when speaking to a group about her book. This particular version of English consists of lengthy speeches. She then focuses on her second version of English, which she uses with her mother and husband. She describes the English that she will use with loved ones as a â€Å"language of intimacy† (Tan 257). Tan then provides examples of what type of things may be said in theShow MoreRelatedThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan1192 Words   |  5 Pages(H) The life of women has drastically changed throughout the ages. (CIS) The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan portrays life in America and in China in the 1930’s for women. (GS1) When stories are true, there is more power behind them. (GS2) Novels need accuracy for the book to have feeling. (GS3) A rave-worthy novel needs truth to really draw the reader in. (thesis) Author Amy Tan accurately port rays life for Chinese women in the 1930’s and it enhances the power of the novel because the stories have trueRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan963 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan shows the past and present experiences of several women including An-mei Hsu, the mother of Rose Hsu Jordan. Beginning at a young age, An-mei has to endure many situations. Her grandmother tells her that her mother is a ghost but she comes back to take care of her grandmother when she is ill. Due to the absence of her mother during her childhood years, she tries to be there for Rose as much as possible but is pushed away. An-mei believes she has nengkin, theRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Joy Luck Club is the first novel by Amy Tan, published in 1989. The Joy Luck Club is about a group of Chinese women that share family stories while they play Mahjong. When the founder of the club, Suyuan Woo, died, her daughter June replaced h er place in the meetings. In her first meeting, she finds out that her lost twin sisters were alive in China. Before the death of Suyuan, the other members of the club located the address of June’s half-sisters. After that, they send June to tell her half-sistersRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan2055 Words   |  9 Pagesopinion. This is the case within the novel The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan, as the American daughters of the China-born mothers grow up in perpetual disconnect because of their cultural differences. Consequently, the daughters’ view of their mother’s love is distorted. Without a clear comprehension of their mother’s love, which is shown in forms of her words and actions, the daughters are constantly haunted by life’s difficulties. Thus, The Joy Luck Club emphasizes that a bond between a mother and daughterRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan841 Words   |  3 PagesIn the Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan, tells stories of four Chinese m others and four Chinese-American daughters and their mother-daughter relationship. The four mothers met in a San Francisco church in 1949. Suyuan Woo, founder of the Joy Luck Club, convinced the other mothers An-Mei Hsu, Lindo Jong, and Yingying St. Clair to join the club. The club would meet every week at one of the mother’s house where they eat food, play mahjong, and brag about their daughters. The Chinese-American daughters tellRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan930 Words   |  4 PagesMerriam Webster’s dictionary defines sacrifice as â€Å"the act of giving up something that you want to keep especially in order to get or do something else or to help someone†. In Amy Tan’s novel, The Joy Luck Club, a central theme present throughout is sacrifice. This novel depicts the sacrifices made by a group of immigrant mothers in order for their daughters to have a better life in America. Although the daughters do not realize the reasons behind their mother s motives until their stories and personalRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan Essay1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe Joy Luck Club is a novel by Amy Tan which tells the individual, cohesive stories of Chinese American daughters and their Chinese mothers. In each story, the cultural differences between mother and daughter acts as a wedge between them. The conflicting cultures of descent and consent causes a conflict between mother and daughter; although they ultimately want to have a relationship with each other, the differences in values make coming together harder. For the mothers, their expectations for theirRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan1459 Words   |  6 Pages 12/1/15 JLC FLE First Draft English 8-6 Clear Reflection, of Personality The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan follows multiple Chinese-American women who struggle with their self-identity and creating a balance between American and Chinese culture. Because of their immigration and many hardships in life, many of the women feel like they cannot trulyRead MoreThe Joy Luck Club By Amy Tan1164 Words   |  5 PagesThe Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan is about four Chinese immigrant mothers and their four daughters, who were born and raised in America. The mothers, through their experiences in China, have attained vast knowledge that they now wish to pass on to their daughters. One mother, An-mei Hsu, wants to pass on her knowledge to her daughter, Rose Hsu Jordan. Rose is worried about her inevitable divorce with her husband, which was caused by her indecisiveness. An-mei hopes that by giving Rose advice, she canRead MoreAmy Tan s The Joy Luck Club1097 Words   |  5 PagesCulture defines humanity. Culture makes humans different than any other living organism ever kno wn. Culture is what makes humans unique, and yet culture is easily the most misunderstood characteristic of individuals. In Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan develops the theme of incomplete cultural understanding leads to an inability to communicate one’s true intentions through juxtaposition and conflict between mothers and daughters and their cultures. The conflicting Chinese culture of the mothers’

System Development Approach-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the System Development Approach. Answer: Introduction Allsports is a multi-sport organization that has a huge number of members that are engaged in different types of sporting activities. The company publishes its newsletter on a weekly basis. There are certain problems that are associated with the current system in terms of information management, storage, and processing. An automated system, All Sports Club Information System (ASCIS) has been recommended to overcome the problems with the current system. The aim of the report is to cover the details of the new information system such as the system development approach, project cost benefit analysis and schedule along with system requirements and investigation techniques Approach to Systems Development All Sports Club Information System (ASCIS) can be developed by using a number of different approaches and methodologies. There are primarily two categories of approaches that are applied as predictive approach or adaptive approach. In case of ASCIS, the approach that has a higher degree of applicability is the adaptive approach for system development. It is because of the nature of the requirements that shall be implemented in the system. The members that are engaged with ASCIS may increase or decrease in number which is sure to have an impact on the frequency of the newsletters that are shared. It will be required for the system to be dynamic in nature so as to handle the variations in the information management and the data operations. Adaptive approach to system development such as agile methodology will be apt in the case of ASCIS as the methodology will be able to handle the dynamic nature of the requirements (Subramaniam, 2007). It will allow the system to be flexible and scalable in nature which will ensure that the changes in terms of the scope or related project factors are met with ease. The project client will also be updated regularly regarding the project status and project progress and will also be asked for the feedback. In such a manner, the end-product that will be delivered and deployed in the form of ASCIS will be as per the specifications provided by the client. The information storage that will be included in the system will also be as per the changing nature of storage necessities in the system (Williams, 2007). 3. Systems Requirements Functional Requirements The system shall provide the users with the ability to login. The system shall have the ability to store member details as demographic information and the details of the sports that they play. The system must store newsletters with their date of submission, title of the article, and file name and advertiser details as the mandatory attributes (Turner, Maylor and Swart, 2013). Advertiser demographics and contact details must be stored in the system. The system must create, store and provide the ability to extract the reports including member details, advertiser information, details of the newsletters along with the article details. The system must create alerts before the due date of the publishing of a newsletter to ensure that there are no delays (Bredillet, 2005). The information associated with the members who have published or edited the newsletters shall be visible on the basis of filters such as member id or email address. Non-Functional Requirements The system shall be scalable in nature to ensure that it may be modified as per the changing nature of requirements. The system shall always be available to the users to allow them to view, share or edit the information. The system shall be secure in nature so that the information that is stored is always protected (Anshin, 2013). Reliability shall be included in the system to make sure that there is valid information that is presented as a response to the user action or the query made by the user. The system shall be easy to maintain and the support activities that are carried out must also be convenient to execute. Project Cost Benefit Analysis Cost-Benefit Analysis is one of the most significant estimates that are carried out in the projects. It is necessary to have an account of the probable costs and expenses that may be spent during the project timeline along with the corresponding benefits that will be gained. In case of All Sports Club Information System (ASCIS), the overall budget that has been estimated is $60,000. The discount factor that is applicable in this project is 6%. It has also been estimated that the staffing costs will reduce by $2,000 on a monthly basis. It will be because of the reason that there will an enhanced use of automation that will be carried out replacing the problems that are present with the current system. This in return will enhance the income by $1,000. The overall profitability that will come out as a result will be $3,000 (Canils and Romijn, 2008). The budget that has been estimated includes the cost of maintenance which will be $1,200 per month making it $14,400 on a yearly basis. There will also be a one-time cost of tools that will be spent along with the cost of resources, development and designing cost, deployment and testing costs along with the closure costs. Work Breakdown Structure Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is the tool that is used to represent the project schedule and the project activities in the form of packages and sub-packages. The tool is used to estimate the project schedule and also tracks the completion of the activities that are involved. The cost estimation can also be done using WBS. Gantt chart is another tool which is used to represent the project activities in the form of a timeline. The timeline represents the project activities and the resources that are assigned to each activity. WBS and Gantt chart have a close association with each other as both of these tools are used to track the project progress and also aid in the processes of estimations regarding the project (Parnell, 2008). The project schedule that has been estimated for the project is reasonable as the allocation of the hours that shall be spent on the completion of the activities is as per the effort that is required to be put in. Also, the activities have been estimated in such a manner that the budget that has been allocated for the project does not exceed. The schedule has been created in such a way that there is a proper allocation of the resources done without any cases of over-lapping or over-loading System Information Requirement Investigation Techniques Project Stakeholders Project Client: The client will be interested in the project as the system will overcome the issues with the current system and will enhance the quality of the operations resulting in better performance and results. End-Users: The system will allow the easier management of the information and the operations leading to higher satisfaction and engagement (Stead, 2008). Project Manager: The project manager will be responsible and accountable for project planning, closure and analysis activities. The project success or failure will have a direct impact on the project manager. Project Team Members: The project resources will be responsible and accountable for all of the operational tasks and activities. The project success or failure will have a direct impact on the project resources. Information Investigation Techniques Interviews: The technique will allow the system stakeholders to gain information regarding the project in terms of the functional and non-functional requirements and specifications. It will be done through the designing of the interview questions and conduction of the process by receiving the responses and recording of the same. Brainstorming: This technique will allow the generation and exploration of the new ideas and concepts. It will be done through a process of group discussions with the relevant stakeholders to retrieve meaningful information. Observation: There will be a lot of data that will be present with the organizations in the form of historical data and references along with the existing operations. The technique will include the practical observation of the processes carried out to understand the problems in the current system and implement the required changes in the new syst Conclusions The project of All Sports Club Information Systems (ASCIS) is a step towards the use and application of the latest technology in the business activities to overcome the issues and problems that are involved with the current system. The project is required to be completed in the estimated schedule and budget constraints to make sure that the timely delivery of the system is made successfully. The project brings forward the significance of the project phases as planning and analysis. These phases form the strong base that is required to be created in order to achieve project success. The information regarding the project requirements shall be investigated as per the apt technique. References Anshin, V. (2013). Strategic and Organizational Aspects of Project Systems Management Considering Sustainable Development Concept. Russian Journal of Project Management, 2(3), pp.3-12. Bredillet, P. (2005). International Journal of Project Management. International Journal of Project Management, 23(1), p.86. Canils, M. and Romijn, H. (2008). Strategic niche management: towards a policy tool for sustainable development. Technology Analysis Strategic Management, 20(2), pp.245-266. Parnell, J. (2008). Sustainable strategic management: construct, parameters, research directions. International Journal of Sustainable Strategic Management, 1(1), p.35. Stead, J. (2008). Sustainable strategic management: an evolutionary perspective. International Journal of Sustainable Strategic Management, 1(1), p.62. Subramaniam, V. (2007). Agile Methodologies. [online] Available at: https://www.agiledeveloper.com/presentations/AgileMethodologies.pdf [Accessed 15 Aug. 2017]. Turner, N., Maylor, H. and Swart, J. (2013). Ambidexterity in managing business projects an intellectual capital perspective. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 6(2), pp.379-389. Williams, L. (2007). A Survey of Agile Development Methodologies. [online] Available at: https://agile.csc.ncsu.edu/SEMaterials/AgileMethods.pdf [Accessed 15 Aug. 2017]

The Role of Sin in The Crucible Essay Example

The Role of Sin in The Crucible Paper Ours is a divided empire in which certain ideas and emotions and actions are of God, and their opposites are of Lucifer. It is as impossible for most men to conceive of a morality without sin as of an earth without sky (Miller 1252). This is the introduction of sin in the Puritan world in The Crucible, and how it is irrevocably entwined with virtue. Yet it is sin that is the driving force in Arthur Millers play, fully illustrating human nature: its limits and lack thereof. From the origins of the witch hunt in Abigails lust and its continuation in Thomas Putnams greed to its climax in John Proctors wrath, Arthur Millers play demonstrates the catastrophes that occur when an entire town is driven by sin. The Crucibles major events and characters are shaped by lust and envy, vanity, greed, and wrath. The entire Salem Witch Hunt is caused by the mutual lust between John Proctor and Abigail Williams, and her envy of Elizabeth Proctor that resulted from the affair. Although the play starts after the affair, the reader learns about it in a rather dramatic fashion, as Abigail shouts at John Proctor that I know how you clutched my back behind your house and sweated like a stallion whenever I came near! you loved me then and you do now! (Miller 1246). Peterson 2 It is clear that she still longs for him, in fact, she states it baldly that she lusts for him still- very unlike a proper Puritan girl. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Sin in The Crucible specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Sin in The Crucible specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Sin in The Crucible specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Proctor, very much aware of his black sin of lust and the stain upon his soul as a result, tries to absolve himself by denying it ever happened, which infuriates Abigail to no end: You loved me, John, and whatever sin it is, you love me yet! (Miller 1247). Indeed, it is Proctors awareness of his sins that causes him to initially confess his witchcraft near the end of the play: Miller describes Proctor as a sinner, a sinner not only against the moral fashion of the time, but against his own vision of decent conduct Proctor has come to view himself as a fraud (Johnson 71). He protests that he is not a saint yet, in the end, he cannot further discredit his name, and realizes that by declaring himself a witch, he condemns those to be hanged as witches as well. But the entire witch hunt was caused by the affair and Abigails resulting envy, that initially prompted the dancing and conjuring in the woods with Tituba and the girls; Reverend Parris caught them at it and sent his daughter Betty into shock, which sent rumors of witchcraft spiraling around Salem and the surrounding area. Abigail also drank blood as part of a charm to kill Elizabeth Proctor. This depravity all resulted from the sins of lust and envy, directly correlated in particular case, in the complicated love triangle of Elizabeth Proctor, John Proctor, and Abigail Williams. It was not only lust and sin that prompted the Salem Witch Trials, but also vanity. Vanity is, arguably, the least dangerous of all seven sins, yet in this case it is perhaps the most dangerous. Reverend Parris own veneration for his high position and reputation as preacher led him to fear discovery of witchcraft in his household; such that Abigails accusations of other women as witches in fact saves him. He thus encourages it, perhaps trying to weed out the parties in the church who dislike him as preacher. Judge Danforth is another guilty of Peterson 3 vanity, again with his reputation. Yet the cost of his vanity is much higher than that of Parris: although it is Parris who encouraged the witch hunt hysteria, it is Danforth who condemned or pardoned the witches. In Act IV, Danforth has the authority to postpone the hangings when doubt arises as to the authenticity of the witches due to hang the coming morning. Yet Danforth does not postpone the hangings, because any doubt raised about these witches would be doubt raised about the validity of the other witches already hanged: I will not receive a single plea for pardon or postponement Postponement now speaks a floundering on my part; reprieve or pardon must cast doubt upon the guilt of them that died till now (Miller 1324). Despite Hales urging and Parris pleas, Danforth refuses to budge- and more innocents are hanged due to his perverse sense of justice. It is Proctors vanity, however, that strikes one the most. His vanity, again of his reputation, prevents him from revealing the root cause of the witch hysteria, and that Abigail herself revealed to him no witchcraft is involved, merely dancing. It is not until the truth will not derail the hysteria, not until that it is too late, that Proctor realizes he needs to expose their affair, in order to discredit Abigail. Yet his effort fails; her hold over Salem is too great. Greed is yet another major sin that led to and continues the Salem witch hunt. Most notable, of course, is Abigail and her cohorts, with their evident greed for power. Merely by pointing fingers, screaming, fainting, and having fits they can declare anybody in town a witch- and the entire town, with the exception of a select few, believes them. Such power is heady, as they prove by wreaking their petty vengeances upon the town. Another figure worth noting with greed is Thomas Putnam. Miller writes, Land-lust which had been expressed before by constant bickering over boundaries and deeds, could now be elevated to the arena of morality; one could cry witch against ones neighbor and feel perfectly justified Peterson 4 in the bargain (Miller 1237), as Thomas Putnam illustrates. His daughter Ruth accuses George Jacobs, their neighbor who also holds land that Putnam covets, of being a witch. As Giles Corey points out in his deposition, If Jacobs hangs for a witch he forfeit up his property there is none but Putnam with the coin to buy so great a piece. This man is killing his neighbors for their land! (Miller 1299). Putnam, of course, denies it- and in the end it is Corey who is accused of being a witch, and killed by torture. As Blooms Major Dramatists bluntly puts it, Thomas Putnam is a vindictive man. He is the communitys strongest supporter of the trials, using them for personal vengeance (Bloom 61). Wrath is perhaps the most notable in The Crucible, being the most dramatic. The least noticed is the squabbling among the various factions in Salem, such as a land war between Francis Nurse and a Putnam. This grew into an actual battle in the woods that lasted for two days. In fact, Putnams signed the first complaint against Rebecca Nurse, Ruth Putnam first accused her of witchcraft, and even Mrs.Putnam joined the fray by accusing Rebecca of tempting her to iniquity (Miller 1248). Abigail, of course, appears again as guilty of yet another sin. Her wrath is apparent when Mary Warren betrays her and reveals that they were all merely pretending to see spirits. She quickly turns on Mary and accuses her of witchery, spotting a little yellow bird on the beam: to the ceiling, in a genuine conversation with the bird, as though trying to talk it out of attacking her: But God made my face; you cannot want to tear my face. Envy is a deadly sin, Mary (Miller 1312). Her wrath eventually achieves her aim: to scare Mary back into accusing witches with her, but has an unexpected consequence: John Proctor is accused of witchcraft. But before this, John Proctor finally comes to the court against Abigail with Mary Warren, Francis Nurse, and Giles Corey. One by one they are discredited by the judges, until John finally bursts: How do you call Heaven! Whore!

Shirley Chisholm, First Black Woman in Congress

Shirley Chisholm, First Black Woman in Congress Shirley Chisholm  (born Shirley Anita St. Hill, November 30, 1924–January 1, 2005) was the first African-American woman ever elected to the U.S. Congress. She represented the 12th Congressional District of New York for seven terms (1968–1982) and quickly became known for her work on minority, womens, and peace issues. Fast Facts: Shirley Chisholm Known For: First African-American woman to serve in the U.S. Congress, from 1968–1982Born: November 30, 1924 in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New YorkParents: Charles and Ruby Seale St. HillEducation: Brooklyn College (B.A., sociology, cum laude); Columbia University (M.A., elementary education)Died: January 1, 2005 in Ormond Beach, FloridaPublished Works: Unbought and Unbossed and The Good FightSpouse(s): Conrad O. Chisholm (1959–1977), Arthur Hardwicke, Jr. (1977–1986)Notable Quote: That I am a national figure because I was the first person in 192 years to be at once a congressman, black and a woman proves, I think, that our society is not yet either just or free. Early Life Shirley Chisholm was born in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York on November 30, 1924. She was the eldest of four daughters of her immigrant parents, Charles St. Hill, a factory worker from British Guiana, and Ruby Seale St. Hill, a seamstress from Barbados. In 1928, because of financial hardship, Shirley and two of her sisters were sent to Barbados to be raised by her grandmother, where they were educated in the islands British-style school system. They returned to New York in 1934, even though the financial situation had not been resolved. Shirley attended Brooklyn College for a degree in sociology, where she won prizes in debating but found she was barred from the social club, as all blacks were, so she organized a rival club. She graduated with honors in 1946 and found work at two daycare centers in New York. She became an authority on early education and child welfare, and an educational consultant for Brooklyns Bureau of Child Welfare. At the same time, she worked as a volunteer with the local political leagues and the League of Women Voters. Deeper Involvement in Politics In 1949, Shirley married Conrad O. Chisholm, a private investigator and graduate student from Jamaica. Together they became increasingly involved in New York municipal political issues, establishing a number of local organizations to bring blacks and Hispanics into politics. Shirley Chisholm returned to school and obtained a masters degree in elementary education from Columbia University in 1956 and became involved in grassroots community organizing and the Democratic Party, helping form the Unity Democratic Club in 1960. Her community base helped make possible a win when she ran for the New York State Assembly in 1964. Congress In 1968, Shirley Chisholm ran for Congress from Brooklyn, winning that seat while running against James Farmer, an African-American veteran of the 1960s Freedom Rides in the south and the former national chairman of the Congress of Racial Equality. With her win, she became the first black woman elected to Congress. Her first congressional battle- she fought many- was with the chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, Wilbur Mills, who was responsible for assigning committee appointments. Chisholm was from the urban 12th district in New York; Mills assigned her to the agricultural committee. Apparently, she said, all they know here in Washington about Brooklyn is that a tree grew there.  The speaker of the House told her to be a good soldier and accept the assignment, but she persisted and eventually Mills assigned her to the Education and Labor Committees. She hired only women for her staff and was known for taking positions against the Vietnam War, for minority and womens issues, and for challenging the Congressional seniority system. She was outspoken and uninterested in conforming: in 1971, Chisholm was a founding member of the National Womens Political Caucus and in 1972, she visited the voluble segregationist Alabama governor George Wallace in the hospital when he was recovering from an assassination attempt. He was astonished to see her and she was criticized for visiting him, but the act opened doors. In 1974, Wallace provided his support for her bill to extend federal minimum wage provisions to domestic workers. Running for President and Leaving Congress Chisholm ran for the Democratic nomination for president in 1972. She knew she could not win the nomination, which eventually went to George McGovern, but she nevertheless wanted to raise issues she felt were important. She was the first black person and the first black woman to run for president on a major party ticket and was the first woman to win delegates for a presidential nomination by a major party. In 1977, she divorced her first husband and married businessman Arthur Hardwicke, Jr. Chisholm served in Congress for seven terms. She retired in 1982 because, as she put it, moderate and liberal lawmakers were running for cover from the new right. She also wanted to take care of her husband, who had been injured in an automobile accident; he died in 1986. In 1984, she helped form the National Political Congress of Black Women (NPCBW). From 1983 to 1987, she taught politics and womens studies as the Purington Professor at Mount Holyoke College and spoke widely. She moved to Florida in 1991 and briefly served as the ambassador to Jamaica during President Bill Clintons first term. Death and Legacy Shirley Chisholm died at her home in Ormond Beach, Florida on January 1, 2005, after suffering a series of strokes. Chisholms legacy of grit and persistence is apparent in all of her writings, speeches, and actions in and out of government. She was involved in the founding or administration or strong support of numerous organizations, including the National Organization of Women, the League of Women Voters, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), and the National Womens Political Caucus. She said in 2004, I want history to remember me not just as the first black woman to be elected to Congress, not as the first black woman to have made a bid for the presidency of the United States, but as a black woman who lived in the 20th century and dared to be herself. Sources Barron, James. Shirley Chisholm, Unbossed pioneer in Congress, Is Dead at 80. The New York Times, 3 January 2005.Chisholm, Shirley. The Good Fight. New York: Harper Row, 1973. Print.Unbought and Unbossed. Washington, DC: Take Root Media, 1970 (2009).Jackson, Harold. Shirley Chisholm: The First Black Woman Elected to Congress, She Was an Outspoken Advocate against Discrimination. The Guardian, 3 January 2005.Thurber, Jon. Shirley Chisholm, 80; Ran for President, Served 13 Years in Congress. Los Angeles Times, 4 January 2005.

Bill of Rights

Bill of Rights In the United States, the Bill of Rights refers to the first ten constitutional amendments. The constitution was amended to safeguard the natural rights of liberty and material goods.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bill of Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through the bill of rights, an individual is assured of a number of personal freedoms, including the right to own property, the right to life, right of protection from the law, freedom of movement, freedom of association and the freedom of speech. Moreover, the bill o rights limit the power of the central government regarding the independence of the judiciary. Subsequent amendments allowed states and the public to have some rights and freedoms that could not be denied. The amendments originally applied to the federal government only, but the Fourteenth Amendment allowed various states to apply the bill of rights (Davies, 750). The bill of rights plays a crit ical role in the United States because they define the relationship between the government and the populace. The governor is expected to behave in a certain manner while the governed has various rights and responsibilities (Brinkley 12). Based on the ideas of John Locke, the civil society should be created to protect the private property meaning that the bill of rights plays an important role of safeguarding the wealth of various individuals. In the state of nature, Locke was of the view that each person is free and equal implying that natural rights cannot be separated from an individual. For instance, the right to life cannot be denied because it defines an individual. The state should always make sure that the right of each is protected. This would not have been achieved without a constitutional order. Therefore, the bill of rights was drafted to safeguard the interests of individuals. The populace should always be the ultimate authority because it elects leaders. The government of the day has the legal responsibility of protecting the rights of individuals. These rights are mainly found in the bill of rights. Any government that fails to protect the fundamental right of an individual should cease to exist. The main reason why the bill of rights was written was to prevent it from the powers of the central government. The bill of rights could be scrapped in case it remained unwritten because the power of the central government was growing. The way the constitution was drafted would open the way for to totalitarianism meaning that the president would have adequate powers over the ruled. He would easily order the arrest of individuals and seizure of property (Brinkley 88). The English bill of rights differed in a number of ways with the American version. The American version aimed at addressing the rights of individuals as represented by the legislature against the crown. In this regard, it had to be written, unlike the English version, which was unwritten.Adv ertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Drafters of the constitution based their argument on the violation of civil rights during and after the Revolution since the British unleashed terror to citizens even though unwritten constitutional order preventing the government from using force existed (Levy 26). The bill of rights was viewed as one of the national unifying factor hence it had to be written. The English bill of rights contained clauses on the right to petition, independent judiciary and, freedom of speech. Americans needed something different regarding the right to petition because a number of individuals were not allowed to participate in a democratic process. The Fourth Amendment, which states that the state security agencies should not infringe the rights of an individual through unreasonable search and seizure, is the most important. The law requires that an individual be g iven an arrest warrant before being searched. Moreover, the arrest warrant must be supported by probable cause meaning that the state security forces must provide adequate evidence showing that an individual indeed committed a crime before being arrested. The law was formulated specifically to contain the behaviour of the colonial government, which would conduct a search without an adequate reason. In this process, an individual would be injured while his or her property would be destroyed. The court should conduct a critical review of evidence before issuing an arrest warrant meaning that the state security agencies have no permission to enter private premises. In the Fourth Amendment, the meaning of search is outlined. In this regard, the right to privacy should always be considered when searching a premise or frisking an individual. Regarding seizure, the security agencies are prohibited from taking away private property to be used as evidence. Arresting an individual and holding him or her in a police custody amounts to seizure. However, ordinary police checks, such as traffic inspection, do not result to arrest. Whenever security forces conduct search the premises of an individual, it is expected that they should uncover a criminal activity (Schultz 74). This is referred to as the probable cause meaning that the search and subsequent seizure should bear fruits. If the search were unsuccessful, the rights of individual would have been violated. The individual would have the right to demand compensation for any injury or damage caused. Brinkley, Alan. American History: A survey. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1999. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Bill of Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Davies, Thomas. Recovering the Original Fourth Amendment. Michigan Law Review, 98.3 (1999), 547–750. Print. Levy, Williams. Seasoned Judgments: The American Constitution, Rights, and History. New York: Transaction Publishers, 1995. Print. Schultz, David. Encyclopaedia of the United States Constitution. New York: InfoBase Publishing, 2009. Print.